176 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



to protect the pigs and calves from contracting tuberculosis 

 from some other man's cows, because the skim milk is nat- 

 urally a mixed skim milk. Last year some of us tried to 

 introduce a bill in New York State demanding the pasteuriza- 

 tion of all skim milk returned from butter and cheese factories 

 to dairy farmers. Now there is nobody more an advocate than 

 I am of the granges, and yet we were met in the Legislature at 

 Albany by the farmers themselves who opposed this bill to 

 pasteurize skim milk, and they were misled by the owners of the 

 cheese factories who did not want to go to the expense of 

 putting in pasteurizing machinery. They did not recognize, as 

 you do, that the protection of the farmer himself, the protec- 

 tion of his own stock against tuberculosis, can be achieved by 

 the pasteurization of this skim milk at the factory. 



Mr. Charles A. Upper. This has been exceedingly interest- 

 ing to us consumers, and I would like to ask this question, — 

 can we not utilize trolley freights to bring milk to the city? 



Dr. North. I don't know enough about your geography to 

 answer that question. I know that the trolley is extensively 

 used in certain parts of New York State, notably Cooperstown 

 and Richfield Springs and other districts where the farmers put 

 their milk on a trolley, and I don't see any reason why in New 

 England the trolley cannot be developed as a milk carrier. 



Mr. Bradley. I would like to ask if the matter of pas- 

 teurization is not largely to cover up the dirty milk. I know 

 that in my own city there is a sentiment among consumers 

 that the matter of pasteurization is to cover up the dirt of the 

 man who is not clean, and there is a sentiment against pas- 

 teurized milk on that account. 



Dr. North. That is the oldest argument against pasteuriza- 

 tion and it is a very good argument, and the argument is based 

 on the fact that when pasteurization first became practical 

 many milk dealers did abuse it to make marketable milk that 

 otherwise was not marketable. We feel that this grading 

 system is a complete answer to that objection, because just 

 as soon as you divide your milk into grades according to the 

 sanitary character of the raw material, irrespective of pas- 

 teurization, the process of pasteurization becomes a process you 

 can apply to any milk, but the pasteurizing of the milk does 



