30 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURE. 



labor, instead of rendering it dependent upon a most liberal 

 system of labor for all its profits. It is the poor man, whether 

 he be the owner of a small farm, or a laborer in the fields of 

 another, or an operator in a mill, who must feel the burden of a 

 national debt, and for whom I plead, when I urge a manly 

 struggle and a speedy restoration. It must come before the 

 appalling alternative of dissolution and discordant republics 

 stares us in the face, with all its conflict of industry, its rival- 

 ries, its loss to us of all the future acquisitions of our republic, 

 its establishment of that fatal foe to freedom, a standing army, 

 against which all the eloquence of the patriots of the Revolution 

 was poured forth, when Warren, and Hancock, and Hichborn, 

 and Thacher and Austin appealed to the American people to 

 strike for their freedom, knowing, as they did, that it was the 

 nature of military government to concentrate wealth in a priv- 

 ileged class, and to impoverish and enslave all others. It must 

 come before our freedom is lost forever. And when it comes, 

 may it confirm those relations to which I have referred, as based 

 upon the productions of different sections of our country, and 

 as the source of our material prosperity and our religious, moral, 

 and civil elevation. 



In the address which I had the honor of delivering last year, 

 I considered the advantages which the agriculture of Massachu- 

 setts might derive from her extensive manufactures. I have 

 now directed your attention to the prosperity which may attend 

 every branch of her industry, by her intimate connection with 

 all the great producing sections of our country. It would be 

 well for us to remember, that, wherever large domestic or 

 foreign commerce has been carried on, based upon the inter- 

 change of the various products of labor, especially of labor on 

 the land, wealth, with its accompanying national blessings, has 

 accumulated most rapidly. Trading in the agricultural pro- 

 ducts of other states, gives wealth ; a close alliance with those 

 states alone gives stability to any government. For more than 

 eight hundred years, the Phoenicians amassed wealth in their 

 famous cities, Tyre and Sidon, by commerce alone ; and when 

 they surrendered to the remorseless avarice of the great con- 

 querors of the East, their wealth fled to other jiorts ; they had 

 neither large agricultural dependencies, nor were they members 

 of a republic rich in agricultural resources. The Greek and 



