90 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURE. 



IG. I winter forty head of horses and cattle, about an equal 

 number of each. The horses are mostly taken from the city to 

 board, thereby enabling me to sell all ray hay at a good price 

 in the barn, and have the benefit of it besides ; one ton thus 

 disposed of is the means of producing two tons the next year. 

 My cattle are of the Durham breed, and great milkers. 



17. I use both oxen and horses. 



18. I do. 



19. I do. 



20. Stone walls. 



21. I raise apples, peaches, pears and cherries. Of apples, I 

 have seven hundred trees, mostly Baldwins, raised by myself 

 from the seed — six hundred peach and fifty pear and cherry 

 trees. 



22. I set my apple trees thirty feet apart, and plant potatoes 

 and corn among them, preferring the former to any other crop. 

 To keep off the borer, I have, for the last five years, practiced 

 placing wood ashes around the body of the tree. I have not 

 lost three trees from the borer, or any other cause, during the 

 whole time. I consider this method effectual. I do not trim 

 my trees to excess ; the best time to trim them is when you can ; 

 although I prefer June to any other month, and try to do it 

 then. 



23. I have reclaimed eight acres of meadow, and twelve 

 acres of brush pasture, laid four hundred rods of stone wall, 

 set out five hundred apple and six hundred peach trees, 

 increased my hay crop from twenty-five to sixty-five tons, my 

 apple crop from seventy-five to three hundred barrels, and built 

 a substantial barn, one hundred feet long, and forty feet wide, 

 with a cellar under the whole, and a wing forty by fourteen 

 feet. 



24. 1 do. 



25. For the last four years, I have kept an exact account of 

 all my expenses and income, being particular always to reckon 

 witli the expenses the interest on the value of the farm. On 

 r-efui-ring to my books, I find for 1859, $844.60 net profit ; 18G0, 

 114.73. This year erected a building at a cost of $250. In 18(31 

 I built a barn at a cost of $1,090.87, and my expenses exceeded 

 my income $811.55. My h(joks are at your service. The help 



