TREES AND SHRUBS. 157 



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vator in cutting off the diseased shoots. As the injuries to our 

 forests of pine, from the attacks of this fly, are annually 

 becoming more and more serious, and the subject has as yet 

 caused but little investigation, and seems imperfectly under- 

 stood, it may be stated that these tortrices appear late in the 

 fall, something in the form of the well known " codling moth," 

 and pierce the tender shoots, and terminal buds, depositing a 

 number of eggs, which in due time become worms. Their 

 depredations soon become known by the oozing of the resin, 

 and by the withering of the entire shoot. This soon dies, and 

 the upward growth of the tree is checked. The ensuing season, 

 one of the lateral branches of the previous year's growth 

 begins to turn upward, and in course of time becomes the 

 leader, giving the trunk an irregular and crooked appearance, 

 injuring it for timber. As soon as a diseased appearance is- 

 manifested in the shoot, it should at once be cut off, and by 

 opening will be found full of worms. Commit to the fire all 

 such branches, otherwise each worm will change into a chrysa- 

 lid, and soon after turn into a perfect state, ready to lay eggs 

 for another generation of worms. All efforts for eradicating 

 the evil are abortive unless a thorough and systematic course 

 is pursued annually, of cutting off and destroying the diseased 

 shoots before the worms leave them, which is usually the latter 

 part of August. 



Mr. Copeland has about fourteen acres, more or less, covered 

 with white pines of various sizes, most of them transplanted 

 since 1850. The committee noted with regret numerous vacant 

 places, where the young trees had died, and had not been 

 renewed. It is to be recommended that the distance apart each 

 way never should exceed eight feet, and when vacancies occur, 

 let them be filled by new trees, before endeavoring to extend 

 the plantation. 



Mr. Jairus Howland, of Pembroke, entered claims as a 

 competitor on forest trees, and subsequently the plantation 

 changed hands ; the entry, however, not being withdrawn, the 

 committee visited the grounds, and found much to deprecate 

 and nothing to praise. It appears that some time since, the 

 proprietor, falsely thinking to improve one of the most thrifty 

 growths of pines in the county, cut off the lower branches and 

 trimmed up the trees. We don't mean dead brandies, but the 



