FORESTRY AND ARBORICULTURE. 65 



taken from the forests of the middle States and Alleghany 

 Mountains and a few from the Rocky Mountain region, and 

 also that the exotic species used should come from eastern 

 Asia rather than western Europe. 



There are many matters to be especially considered in 

 making an ornamental plantation, and still others in selecting 

 trees for the streets and roadsides. Trees naturally grow 

 massed together, and, therefore, w^hen one is planted in an 

 isolated position it will be exposed to very different influences 

 than when surrounded by its fellows in the forest. The 

 additional exposure to the wind and to the sunlight, which 

 reaches even to its lower branches, has the effect of encour- 

 aging a more spreading growth with a decrease in height. 

 Single trees, too, are inclined to fruit more freely, especially 

 the conifers which, under certain conditions, over-bear to 

 such an extent as to check their development, thus exhaust- 

 ing the trees and shortening their period of growth and 

 beauty. 



For these reasons it may be found that certain native trees 

 which attain perfection here in a forest will not withstand 

 the exposure if planted in the field or by the roadside, while 

 others (including some foreign species which are not to be 

 recommended for ornamental purposes) , may prove suitable 

 for forest planting. 



The evergreens should, if possible, be grown in a light 

 soil, with a richer upper soil, for a tree will flourish in such a 

 situation, while in a cold, heavy soil it will make a late start 

 and a slow growth that will be overtaken by the autumn 

 frosts l)efore opportunity has been given for the ripening of 

 the new wood. The trouble arising from such soil, however, 

 may sometimes be overcome by under draining. 



For our city streets there are comparatively few suitable 

 trees from which to make selection, for many species which 

 are desirable for plantations and ornamental purposes in 

 parks and lawns, and for roadsides in the rural districts, do 

 not meet the requirements of the city. 



The tree most frequently planted now is the rock maple, 

 which is well enough when used in reasonable numbers and 

 when planted in suitable places, but it should not, as is too 

 often the case, be used to the exclusion of all other species. 



