VALUE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE. 203 



France, as I have said, was first to found veterinary 

 schools They were under control of the government from 

 the start, and remain so up to the present day. In 1777, 

 the French government published strict rules for the man- 

 agement of its veterinary schools, and they have since 

 undergone but few modifications. The other veterinary 

 schools of Europe were founded by the various governments 

 (except Great Britain) , because they recognized the impor- 

 tance of having educated veterinarians to call upon in case 

 of an outbreak of any of the contagious animal plagues. 



To France we must credit two more veterinary schools, 

 — one at Turin, Italy, founded by Napoleon L, during the 

 extension of his empire, and another founded at Toulouse, 

 in 1825. 



The early directors and professors of the other similar 

 institutions on the Continent were educated in France at 

 the expense of their governments, and upon returning home, 

 after completing their education, took charge of new schools 

 for the instruction of their fellow countrymen. 



The Veterinary Institute at Vienna, Austria, was one of 

 the earliest schools founded after the one at Lyons. It 

 dates from 1767. Its first two teachers studied at Lyons, 

 one being an Italian. Later two Austrians visited Alfort as 

 students, and on their return in 1777, the school was im- 

 proved and modified by them, and is still in existence. 



A royal Danish veterinary college was founded at Copen- 

 hagen in 1773, and reorganized in 1858. Belgium organ- 

 ized a veterinary school at Brussels in 1835. The Russian 

 government supports three schools for the study of vet- 

 erinary medicine. Sweden founded a veterinary institution 

 in 1774, its first director having been educated in France, 

 chiefly at the Lyons school. 



During the latter part of the last century veterinary 

 schools were established by the various principalities and 

 kingdoms which now constitute the German Empire. The 

 German veterinary schools are located at Stuttgart, Han- 

 over, Munich, Dresden and Berlin. 



The course at the leading schools on the Continent, I be- 

 lieve, is four years, with a preliminary examination suflS- 

 cient to prove that the applicant has a good common school 



