CEEAMERIES. 307 



through the separator and ship it at once. But there are 

 two processes of preparing that milk which will enable us to 

 keep it. One is to put it. into ice-water and chill it down at 

 once. Another is to heat it up to a temperature of 130 or 

 140 degrees. I will say that one of the Greenfield, N. H., 

 creameries is the only one I know of Avhere the skim-milk is 

 all carried back to the farms from which the new whole milk 

 comes. They found a great deal of trouble there, and they 

 tried the experiment of heating the separator milk up to 140 

 degrees, or about there, and then cooling it down, and they 

 claim that it will keep perfectly sweet for three or four days 

 when treated in that way. 



Mr. Clakk of Wilbraham. I would like to ask Mr. 

 Hazen how much he pays per pound to his patrons for their 

 butter? In our co-operative plan, all through here, we pub- 

 lish every month just how much our patrons get. I do not 

 understand from him what his patrons get. Will he please 

 state, for instance, what his patrons realized in October for 

 their butter per pound ? 



Mr. Hazex. For the milk that is delivered to me I pay 

 one dollar a hundred the year round. They are to furnish 

 me, on an average, through the winter months, one-quarter 

 what they do through the summer months. They deliver it 

 at the factory. 



Mr. Clark. How much butter will that hundred pounds 

 of milk make in the separator system of making butter ? 



Mr. Hazen. That is a very broad question. In my own 

 herd the largest amount that I have ever found in the month 

 of June was eighteen pounds of milk for one pound of but- 

 ter. The average for the year is between sixteen and seven- 

 teen. We have one patron whose milk has averaged for 

 this summer about nineteen pounds ; another about twenty- 

 one pounds. The food has more to do with the quantity of 

 milk that it takes to make butter than the separator, the so- 

 called "shot-gun can," the Cooley system, the churning of 

 the milk, or anything else. 



Mr. . It seems to me that there are two or three 



points, or features, which have not been brought out in this 

 discussion. I would like to refer to them very briefly. Ono 

 of them is the matter of delivering the milk to the creamery, 



