412 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



then a better appreciation will be obtained of the various reasons that 

 have suggested my conclusions. 



There are such differences in the manifestations of the two forms of 

 disease known as acute and chronic glanders, the symptoms are so 

 easily recognized, the duration of the disease so different, that a dis- 

 tinction between them is an easy and simple task for the veterinarian, 

 and on that accoimt, and as far as these horses, now in dispute, were 

 concerned, there was no doubt. The question was not. Have they acute 

 or chronic glanders ? it is the chronic form. 



In chronic glanders, sub-division is commonly admitted, of an ordi- 

 nary or confirmed, of a dry and of a late7it fonn. 



In the ordinary form, the three essential symptoms, with their peculi- 

 arities of gland, discharge, and ulcers or chancres, arc met Avith. 



In the dry form the symptoms given by the glands and by the dis- 

 charge are missing, and the surgeon is left to decide only on the char- 

 acters presented by the septum nasi and its covering. 



In the lateyit form there is, so to speak, nothing positively indicative 

 of the existence of the disease, so far as given by the gland, the dis- 

 charge, or the septum nasi. 



These two last forms are very insidious, and may exist for a number 

 of years in stables, remain undiscovered, and yet keep on spreading until 

 a large outbreak takes place, and careful examination reveals the extent 

 of the ravages committed. Bouley, in his article on glanders, in the 

 " Dictionnaires des Sciences Medicales," reports a case veiy interesting, 

 and wliich I may ask to present, as having much importance and bearing 

 much weight with the horses of the Cambridge road. 



He says, speaking of dry glanders : '• It is one of the insidious forms 

 of glanders, and so much so that nothing api:;arently abnormal calls 

 the attention of the surgeon, when condition of the glands and pres- 

 ence and chai'actcr of the discharge cnly are taken into consideration. 

 An outbreak had taken place in a large horse establishment in Paris, the 

 horses had been submitted to the ordinary examination for condition 

 of glands and the discharge, and every other ordinary sanitary precau- 

 tion being taken, the disease Avas thought to be under control ; but, 

 instead of that, it seemed to continue in spreading more and more. 

 Then a careful examination of the septum nasi was made on every 

 horse, and then ulcerations, recent or old cicatrices, tubercles, cpilhelial 

 abrasions, etc., etc., were discovered, diseased animals were destroyed, 

 and for two years after the establishment was free from the disease.'" 



Into this form of glanders (dry form) the condition of the horses at 

 Cambridge can be classified; for, out of the sixty-seven animals 

 brought to my examination, I can almost say that in none of them did 

 I find a diseased condition of the glands, or a sufficient amount of dis- 

 charge to assist me in the diagnosis. A few of them (^.'jTD, 479, 400, 

 1938, 4G5, 24G0, 1110, 1185, 202.>) presented a slight soreness and 

 fulness of the glands of the intermaxillary space, or a slight discharge 

 of one or both nostrils, but scarcely sufficient to bo taken then into con- 

 sideration, except as what little value they might have in relation to the 

 suspected presence of the disease and the history alluded to. 



