REPORT OF CATTLE COMIVnSSIONERS. 413 



Without, therefore, going into the eonsitleration of the charaeteristic 

 condition of glanderous glands of the maxillary sjjace, or the si^ecific 

 appearance of this discharge, we must stop a moment as to the symp- 

 toms to be obtained by examination of the septum nasi. 



Chronic glanders has for characteristic lesions of the nasal caTities 

 three forms of ulceration, — chancre consecutive to the granular pus- 

 tule, the tubercular chancre j^roper, or the simple epithelial erosion. 

 They probably have not the same diagnostic value, and while the 

 epithelial erosions alone may only suggest the presumption of the dis- 

 ease, the others, according to some authors, have such special significa- 

 tion that their presence is j^ositive evidence of the disease, no matter to 

 what extent they may exist, should it be but the smallest tubercle or 

 the largest radiated cicati-ix. 



According to the extent and dimensions that some of the ulcers may 

 assume, and also, according to their agglomeration at the time of their 

 ulcerating process, variations may take jjlaee in the appearance of the 

 septum, while at times it may be but one or several little tubercular 

 pustules (the tuberculous chancre of Bouley) which may ulcerate and 

 give rise to the formation of those peculiar \Aw ulcers of the false nos- 

 trils, or the ordinary chancre of the septum, or of the turbinated bones ; 

 then again, we may find large, irregular radiated cicatrix in various 

 parts of the septum cord, more or less prominent over the mucous 

 membrane, and not uncommonly sun'ounded by an inflammatory ring 

 on its edges. With those also, or without them, are often seen nothing 

 but simjile epthelial abrasions, which arc but simjily a disappearance 

 of the ei^itheliiun, upon a more or less extensive surface, and varying 

 in their depth. 



Besides these, the peculiar appearance of the septum and of the 

 mucous membrane is very suggestive. The coloration has assumed a 

 leaden or slate hue, due to the venous congestion, the lymphatics have 

 become more or less prominent, and the whole mucous membrane 

 seems to be thicker on account of the infiltrated condition that it 

 assumes ; while again, the finger passed over the surface of the septum 

 will get a feeling of I'oughness, due to the granular changes which take 

 place in the inucous structure. 



There is one point to be taken in consideration with the existence of 

 this form of disease of solipeds, and specially so in the dry or latent 

 form. It is the fact that apparently a perfect condition of health exists, 

 and that, different from what we meet in almost all other contagious 

 diseases, it may last for years, with the absence of almo.st any indication 

 of sickness. For many, all the functions of the body do remain at 

 their normal standard, the pulse is normal, the respiration but slightly 

 altered, except in its rhythm (if the lungs be extensively diseased), 

 and the temiierature remains at the normal degree, varying from 99° 

 to 101°. 



In conclusion, and after careful consideration, not only of the 

 symptoms observed, but also of the general history of this outbreak, 

 of the condition of the animals examined, and the various general 



