No. 4.] MARKET MILK. 99 



needn't necessarily be so; if the ceiling is tight over the 

 cows, so no dust or dirt or hay can get down through, there 

 is no objection to storing it over them. 



Question. Take, for example, a stable with a proper, 

 tight floor, with a basement for removing the manure to, — do 

 you think you would get more dirt from that than with the 

 modern barn, — with a drop, which perhaps will be put down 

 four or five times a day, into a cold cellar, where the odor is 

 stopped, where there is no fermentation ? 



Mr. Lane. Oh, yes; the modern barn is more sanitary. 

 You have to consider the condition of that cellar the year 

 round. It is difficult to keep it sanitary. You don't get any 

 odors in the modern barn ; if you do, there is something 

 wrong. A barn cellar is a breeding place for flies, in the first 

 place; and it is also too close to where the milking is done. 

 The manure should be removed far enough from the stable 

 to prevent any contamination. 



Question. Is it now regarded that there is no reason for 

 a difference between the summer and winter standards of 

 total solids in milk ? 



Mr. Lane. You have asked for my opinion, and I am 

 going to give it. I had charge of a herd of about 50 cows 

 for seven years, and I analyzed the milk from that herd 

 every week the first three years, and later on every two weeks, 

 and I didn't find any great difference in the composition 

 of the milk in that herd between summer and winter, or one 

 month in the year and another ; and it is my opinion that, if 

 a herd is properly fed, — that is, fed a good balanced ration 

 the year round, whether summer or winter, — there won't 

 be very much difference. But if you have been feeding your 

 cows a good ration all winter, and then turn them out on 

 green rye or something of that sort in the spring, and don't 

 supply them with a balanced ration, and don't give them 

 any fine feed along with it, you may get a little drop. It is 

 my opinion, if a cow is fed a balanced ration the year round, 

 there will be scarcely any difference. 



Question. Is it possible for a farmer here in New Eng- 

 land to raise sufficient grain or raise all that is necessary to 

 feed his cows on his own farm, so it wouldn't be necessary for 



