No. 4. J FRUIT TREES AXD INSECT FOES. Ill 



MASSACHUSETTS FRUIT TREES AND THEIR INSECT 

 FOES. 



BY H. T. FERNALD, PH.D., AMHERST, MASS. 



Massachusetts is a natural fruit-raising State. On her 

 rugged hillsides flourish magnificent trees never set by man, 

 while thrifty pear and plum orchards here and there attest 

 the value of her climate and soil for fruit growing. The qual- 

 ities of the Baldwin, Hubbardston, Sutton Beauty and Rox- 

 bury Russet apples, of the Clapps' Favorite pear, of the Crosby 

 peach and of the Concord and Rogers' Hybrids among grapes, 

 are known the world over, and all of these and many others 

 originated in Massachusetts. 



Civilization and fruit raising at first went almost hand in 

 hand in this country. After making a clearing in the forest, 

 building his log cabin and breaking ground for his crops, the 

 settler rarely neglected to plant a few fruit trees near his home; 

 and in time the better fruits occasionally appeared on his 

 table, while the poorer sorts supplied cider and vinegar for 

 his use. 



But fruit raising was always a side issue. His markets were 

 always for his hay, corn, potatoes and the products of his 

 cattle, and with little time at his disposal it was these which 

 received his attention and the fruit trees were neglected, as 

 the only market for fruit was in his family and perhaps with 

 a few of his neighbors; and it is probable that the one who 

 most appreciated the fruit was the "Barefoot boy, with cheek 

 of tan," who munched his apple as he drove the cows to pas- 

 ture at early morn. 



In time the farms began to run down, and the struggle to 

 raise sufficient crops became more severe, thus concentrating 

 all the farmer's energies in his special lines, and the fruit trees 



