No. 4.] FRUIT TREES AND INSECT FOES. 135 



The fruit grower who examines his trees during the winter 

 months will frequently notice a dead leaf still adhering to 

 some twig, and this should at once arouse his suspicions that 

 insects are present. Sometimes the leaf is one which has for 

 some reason retained its normal attachment to the tree; but 



Fig. 16. — White-marked tussock moth: a, caterpillar; b, female pupa; c, male 

 pupa ; d, male moth ; e, same, wings spread ; /, female moth ; g, female moth 

 on cocoon ; h, egg mass with froth over it ; i, cocoons on tree trunk ; k, same, 

 showing females and egg masses also; all slightly enlarged. 



an examination will usually show that it has been fastened in 

 its position by silk threads, and that a cluster of eggs is also 

 present. If the eggs are in plain sight, they are probably those 

 of the old tussock moth (Notolophus antiquus L.). If only a 

 hard white crust shows, however, in which the eggs are con- 

 cealed, this is an egg cluster of the white-marked tussock moth 

 (Hemerocampa leucostigma S. & A.). Both of these insects 

 are quite general feeders, but are often found on fruit trees; 



