Colius or Galgulus Graculi 91 



(otherwise than it is in Picus), and the legs were short, 

 the head was upright, the beak rather long. As to whether 

 this may have been a kind of Galgulus, I do not certify, 

 but I suspect it to have been. 



OF THE GRACULI. 



Erasmus in his very learned work on Proverbs, as often 

 as Kcikoios occurs (and it occurs not seldom) renders it by 

 Graculus, in this thing following by no means Theodorus 

 Gaza though at other times he does so freely who in every 

 case renders /eoXoto? by Monedula. And in this thing I also 

 have determined for divers reasons here to imitate Erasmus 

 rather than Gaza. 



ARISTOTLE ACCORDING TO THE TRANSLATION OF 

 GAZA. 



Of Monedulse there are three sorts : the first, 

 which is called Graculus, in size as big as Cornix 

 with a curved red bill. The next, also named Lupus, 

 small, and a mimic. The third, which is well known 

 in Lydia and Phrygia, is web-footed. 



Now the first kind of Graculi, which the Greeks call 

 Kopaiciax, is the Pyrrhocorax of Pliny and the Cornish Choghe 

 of Englishmen, eyn bergdol of the Germans. It is a little 

 smaller than the Cornix, with a yellow bill 1 , not large, and 

 somewhat hooked towards the tip, it is abundant in the Alps 

 and in Cornwall in England. It has a sharper and more 

 querulous cry than the Monedula. The second sort called 

 \VKOS and /3&>/zoA,o%o9 in Greek, is by the Latins strictly 

 named Monedula, as if it were Monetula, from the Moneta 

 [money] which alone of birds, as Pliny says, it steals. The 

 three kinds do not all steal gold only the second does 



1 Here there is an evident confusion between the Chough (Pyrrho- 

 corax graculus) with its red bill, and the yellow-billed Alpine Chough 

 (P. alpinus). 



