272 USEFUL BIRDS. 



insects, it was usually impossible to make out just what those 

 insects were ; but in confinement the young are very fond 

 of flies, maggots, beetles, slugs, thrips, plant lice of various 

 kinds, and spiders. Professor Forbes found mostly insects 

 in the stomachs of three birds about three days old. They 

 had eaten cutworms, grasshoppers, Lampyrid beetles, ants, 

 parasitic wasps, buffalo tree hoppers, and spiders. Professor 

 King found that a Grouse about a week out of the shell had 

 eaten a white grub, seven spiders, and thirteen caterpillars. 

 I found in July the remains of a young bird that had been 

 killed by a Hawk; it must have been at least six weeks old. 

 Its stomach contained beetles and the seeds of weeds. The 

 young are often found in grassy fields and pastures near 

 woods. I have seen them apparently catching grasshoppers, 

 crickets, and other grass-eating insects in such localities, and 

 they seem as fond of such food as are young Chickens. 

 Whenever such insects are plentiful, they form a part of the 

 summer food of the birds. Young Grouse evidently are very 

 useful as insect eaters, but as they grow older they depend 

 more upon vegetable food. Dr. Judd, who has given the 

 best account of the food of the Grouse, says that at Chocorua, 

 N. H., in September, 1898, they were feeding very largely 

 on the red-legged grasshopper or locust (Melanoplus femur- 

 rubrum) , a very destructive insect. Seven adult birds, killed 

 in the breeding season, had eaten insects to the amount of 

 thirty per cent, of their food. 



The Ruffed Grouse at times eats many caterpillars, par- 

 ticularly those species which, like the cutworms and army 

 worms, live largely upon the ground. 



'' seems l in)]);ll)l(1 :ils " (li:it !t takes 

 caterpillars from the trees, as num- 

 Fig. 123. Red-humped bers of red-humped apple caterpillars 



caterpillar. / ry 7. x T i -i 



(tSchizura concmna) and oak caterpil- 

 lars (Symmerista albifrons} have been found in its stomach. 

 Dr. Judd says that the Grouse prefers beetles to other insects. 

 This seems to be true of the young also, although when first 

 hatched they appear to relish softer-bodied insects more. 

 The old birds are persistent scratchers, and unearth many 

 ground beetles, which they eat greedily. They sometimes 



