Woob=u*ing Sntmstrtes; of 



University of California 

 INTRODUCTION 



With her many rail and water transportation facilities, and 

 vnxh her vast resources of soil, forests, coal, oil, gas, iron, stone and 

 clay, Ohio stands high as a manufacturing- State. In 1910 the 

 value added to the raw material by the varied manufactures of 

 the State amounted to considerably more than $600,000,000. For the 

 same period the Bureau of the Census report shows that the sale of 

 farm products reached a value of $216,000,000, and that the minerals 

 prod aced, exclusive of clay products, an estimated value of 

 $159,000,000. Manufacturing-, therefore, is preeminently Ohio's 

 leading- industry. The present report deals with a sing-le class of 

 factories, those manufacturing- commodities from wood. They form 

 one of the most important divisions of Ohio's enterprises, and nearly 

 every State in the Union as well as many foreign countries send 

 some portion of their forest material to Ohio for utilization in manu- 

 facture. The commodities turned out by these wood-using 

 factories, together with the value of the rough forest products like 

 lumber, shingles, cross-ties, etc., in 1909, amounted to nearly 

 $156,000,000. Compared with the value of farm products and the 

 mineral resources, the part the forests and their related industries 

 are taking in the commercial development of Ohio is thus clearly 

 indicated. 



In the early days of lumbering the eastern States, closer to the 

 markets, were plentifully supplied with hardwoods similar to those 

 growing in Ohio, and in consequence there was little incentive to 

 ship the rough lumber to outside points. At the same time, in com- 

 parison with the softwoods needed by the rapidly growing popula- 

 tion for building purposes, there was noMemand for hardwoods at 

 home. In order that the magnificent hardwood forests could be 

 profitably exploited, the necessity of developing a home market was 

 soon realized, and resulted in the establishment of industries like 

 those concerned in this investigation. 



FOREST CONDITIONS 



When the pioneers crossed the Appalachians and began to 

 settle in Ohio, the entire State with the exception of the north- 

 western corner was covered with a magnificent forest. The 



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