OF OHIO 57 



Yellow poplar and white pine surpass all other woods in fur- 

 nishing a supply for this industry, the two composing- 58 percent of 

 the total. The large amount of yellow poplar employed can be 

 accounted for in the fact that the states bordering- on the Ohio valley 

 constitute the yellow poplar center of the country. Freight rates 

 prohibit the shipment of this low-grade material to any great dis- 

 tance, hence it must be utilized near the producing markets. While 

 perhaps in some respects not as well suited for certain kinds of boxes 

 as one or two of the other 35 woods reported, yellow poplar can 

 nevertheless be classed generally as an excellent box and crating- 

 lumber. It is light in weight and color, and strong, nails well, and 

 is odorless and tasteless if needed for containers requiring those 

 qualities, low grades being used, its price is still within the limit of 

 this class of work. 



White pine has long been one of the leading box woods, and 

 owing to Ohio's accessibility by water to the white pine forests it is 

 used in numerous industries that would perhaps employ other woods 

 if the price were higher. This wood enters largely into boxes of all 

 kinds, particularly those intended for food containers like locked 

 cornered starch and confectionary boxes where woods of odorless 

 and tasteless qualities are demanded. White pine is well suited for 

 printed matter since it dresses smooth and white. The entire 

 amount use'd was obtained without the State. 



Shortleaf pine, beech and elm make excellent woods for crating 

 purposes. The two latter are obtained partly in the State, the 

 remainder coming from adjoining states. They answer with the 

 hardwoods, oak, ash, chestnut, etc., for purposes where a strong 

 wood is needed and one difficult to split, like the boxes in which steel 

 plate and tin plate are shipped, and where the weight of the wood is 

 not a considerable factor. Cherry and butternut are employed only 

 in small amounts and for the manufacture of special boxes, such as 

 are required for jewelry and silverware. 



Most of the material is obtained in 4-4 inch stock, but some is 

 bought in 1-2, 5-8 and 3-4 inch lumber. For the wire-bound box, 

 which is rapidly coming into use, thin stock is required, ranging 

 from 1-8 inch to 1-2 inch in thickness. Red gum and cottonwood 

 furnishes the bulk of the supply of veneer for veneer boxes. 

 Veneer boxes are made not only with a single layer and wire-bound, 

 but of two and three-ply stock according to the size of the box and 

 the use for which it is intended. 



