OF OHIO 69 



Twenty-seven woods were employed for implements, of which 

 more than four-fifths were shipped into the State, the home market 

 supplying only 6,488,000 board feet. The tendency to substitute 

 metal for wood in this line of manufacture is growing rapidly. 

 Some implements are entirely of steel where formerly they were 

 mostly of wood. Plows, whiffle and singletrees, horse rakes and 

 eveners are examples. Shortleaf and longleaf pine, red and white 

 oak, cottonwood, maple, hickory, yellow poplar and basswood are 

 the main woods employed, and the average cost, $29.30, signifies that 

 a fairly high grade of lumber is used. This is the only industry in 

 which red oak is employed in greater amounts than white oak. 

 These two woods are used in larger quantities than any other two, 

 furnishing over one-fourth of the total. The strength and hardness 

 of these woods render them most important and they enter into a 

 variety of uses. 



Shortleaf and longleaf pine, which comprise nearly one-quarter 

 of the total, are almost ideal material for farm implement manu- 

 facture. They are lacking in toughness, which unfits them for 

 certain purposes, but next to the oaks they are demanded ahead of 

 any other woods. 



Cottonwood, basswood, red gum and yellow poplar are well 

 suited, like the pines and maples, for certain parts. Their weight 

 in proportion to strength, ease of working, and the fact that they 

 take paint readily, make them well liked. The use of yellow poplar 

 is decreasing, however, because the manufacturers cannot afford to 

 pay the price for the grades desired. Red gum and cottonwood are 

 the principal substitutes. 



Where hardness or the quality to wear smooth is desired, maple 

 and beech are used. Ash was employed largely in competition with 

 oak, while hickory entered into parts where elasticity with shock 

 resisting and strength tendencies were demanded. Six hundred 

 thousand feet of Douglas fir were used by the implement makers. 

 This wood has all the desirable qualities of longleaf pine and is a 

 strong competitor of it in every way except price, which, on account 

 of the freight rates, is much higher. The uses of the various woods 

 reported by the implement makers are as follows: 



ASH Separator parts 



Animal pokes Threshing machine parts 

 Cider mill cylinders BASSWOOD 



Cultivator beams 



Hand corn planters Fans (bodies) 



Handles (drill plow) Frames (fan screen and hopper) 



Handles (cultivator) Seed huller parts 



Handles (scraper) Slats (fan mills) 



Rake heads Threshing machine parts 



