OF OHIO 



77 



makes the bung- fit tightly, which is also a valuable characteristic. 

 The pines can not be utilized as well for this purpose, because of 

 the alternating: hard and soft structure of the wood. Other woods 

 for bungs, reported only in small quantities, are white oak, walnut 

 and red gum. Cotton gum or tupelo has not been given an oppor- 

 tunity to demonstrate its suitability for this service, but as its 

 qualities become better understood it doubtless will be called on to 

 substitute for yellow poplar especially as it is lower in cost and more 

 easily obtained. The red grim is comparatively a new wood in this 

 industry which from the amount consumed indicates that it 

 measures up to requirements fairly successfully. A good grade of 

 material is required for bung's, being- obtained in the form of rough 

 lumber or planks, full 4-4 inch in thickness. Spilers of vent 

 plugs were principally made from yellow poplar, but also from, 

 white pine and spruce. 



TABLE XLVI. Bungs and faucets 



DAIRYMEN'S, POULTERERS' AND APIARISTS' SUPPLIES 



Advance toward more scientific management in the occupations 

 of dairymen, poulterers, and apiarists has created a wide demand 

 for special equipments of the new methods involved and in conse- 

 quence factories manufacturing- these commodities have sprung- up 

 in several states. These establishments and their products are dis- 

 tinct industries and have been combined statistically in this report 

 under one heading- for convenience, because it was not possible to 

 present them in individual tables. In dairymen's supplies Ohio 

 manufacturers report making- churns of various sizes and kinds 

 from the small domestic churn propelled by hand to the large barrel 

 churns used in creameries and also dash churns. In all the States 

 in which studies similar to this have been made, white ash is pre- 

 eminently the leading- wood for churns. In Ohio close to half a 



