10 



Pinus A ustriaca Austrian Pine. 



" sylvestris Scotch Pine. 

 Larix Europea European Larch. 

 Picea nigra Black Spruce. 



" excelsa Norway Spruce. 

 Abies balsamea Balsam Fir. 



" pectinata Silver Fir. 



Juniperus comniunis Hibernica Irish Juniper. 

 " oblonga pendula Weeping Juniper. 



One serious hindrance to success with this class of plants is 

 the stiff clayey nature of our soil. The evergreens as a rule pre- 

 fer a light porous soil, with good drainage ; if sand is present 

 this condition is secured. Much difficulty has been experienced 

 in transplanting the young trees in heavy soils, even of the com- 

 mon forms of conifers. Though the root-system is greatly made 

 up of fibrous roots which tend to make removals successful, yet 

 repeated failures occur. The young trees, when established, are 

 more subject to winter-killing or other serious injury which ef- 

 fects the growth. 



CONIFEILE INDIGENOUS TO PENNSYLVANIA. 



The most of our native conifers are found in loose, sandy, or 

 otherwise well-drained soils. Only about one-half of the species 

 growing in Pennsylvania are met with in cultivation. A com- 

 plete list of our natives follows : 



Abies balsamea, Mill. Balsam Fir. A northern tree reaching 

 into Pennsylvania along the mountains. A few trees occur in 

 the Bear Meadow's region of Centre county. The fine speci- 

 mens on the college grounds had reached their highest degree 

 of beauty when, three years ago, it became necessary to destroy 

 them. It loses its beauty rapidly after it is about fifteen 

 years old. Once a great favorite, now supplanted with better 

 firs. 



Juniperus Virginiana, L. Red Cedar. Growing over the state, 

 often showing a great variety of forms. It is frequently planted 

 for hedges, but should not be used near apples. The fungus 

 (Roestelia pirata) causing the "cedar apple," causes also the rust 

 on the apple foliage. Specimen trees become very picturesque 

 with age. The red cedar is easily grown from seed and will 

 succeed in a great variety of soils. 



Juniperus communis, L. Common Jumper. A variable shrub 

 reaching down from the north into Pennsylvania. It grows from 



