11 



five to ten feet in height. A great number of distinct varieties 

 have sprung from this species, the well-known Irish juniper be- 

 ing the most frequently planted. The species- is valuable in 

 landscape for large rockeries or rugged hillsides. 



Larix Americana, Miclix. Black Larch. A northern tree known 

 in Canada as Hackmatack. Found in the upper sections of 

 Pennsylvania. " The wood is heavy, hard, very strong, rather 

 coarse-grained, compact and durable in contact with the soil." 

 Sargent. This is more valuable as a timber tree, being less 

 desirable for ornament than the European larch. 



Picea nigra, Link. Black Spruce. A northern tree whose south- 

 ern limit extends into Pennsylvania along the mountains, usu- 

 ally seen in swamps and cold mountain woods. The speci- 

 mens on our grounds, now fifteen feet high, are far from being 

 beautiful. It is a slow grower and early loses its lower 

 branches. This cannot be recommended for ornamental pur- 

 poses. The celebrated spruce beer is made from its branch- 

 lets. 



Finns inops, Ait. Jersey or tfcrub Pine. Occasionally met with 

 in Pennsylvania, in sandy soils, common in the pine barrens of 

 New Jersey. It is of little value for ornamental planting. 

 Some tastes will admire the picturesque shapes into which it 

 grows. 



Pinus pungens, Michx.f. Table Mountain Pine. Common in the 

 Allegheny mountains from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. Form- 

 erly it was largely converted into charcoal in this state. This 

 pine has not been employed much in cultivation. Considered 

 as an ornamental tree, it must be classed with the preceding, 

 and used sparingly. The varying irregularity of its form, with 

 dense, short foliage, has a pleasing effect. The cones remain 

 on the trees for many years, and impart to the tree a very dis- 

 tinct and singular effect. 



Pinus resinosa, Ait. Red Pine. This is a native of Canada, is 

 found in New York and, perhaps, occasionally in Pennsylvania. 

 Its peculiar attractions are its beautiful red bark, and its ten- 

 dency to produce tufts of leaves at the ends of the branches. 

 While it is extremely hardy and succeeds in a variety of soils, 

 yet it is not recommended for general planting. 



Pinus rigida, Mill. Pitch Pine. A very common pine in this 

 state, frequently called Yelloiv Pine. It abounds in dry, sandy, 

 barren regions, never showing a thrifty growth, with a very 



