34 



apart, the seeds touching each other in the furrows. Shade well. If 

 possible sow the seeds broadcast within an open pine w r oods, after 

 having raked oft the needles. Cover the seeds lightly. The plants 

 may be set out at from two to five years old. It endures shade and 

 may be set under oak, pine, etc. 



WILLOWS. 

 Salix, L. 



All of the willows are so easily propagated from cuttings that it 

 is not necessary to waste time by trying to raise them from seed. 

 Last year's shoots can be cut and buried over wdnter. In spring take 

 an iron bar and make a hole large enough for the cutting to go in. 

 Leave one bud above ground and pack the soil firmly about the re- 

 maining part of the cutting. 



ASPEN, QUAKING ASP. 

 Populus tremuloides, Michx. 



The poplars are rapid growers. They are found usually along 

 banks of streams, but also on higher ground. In the west the aspen 

 is found coming up on land that has been cleared of other trees, either 

 by "slashings" or by fires. There it prepares the soil for better 

 species, as for instance white pine, and it protects the young plants. 

 The fruit ripens in May or June. The seed is small and "cottony." 

 It should be sown at once in a cool situation and covered lightly. 

 When one or two years old set out in a plantation, as close as con- 

 venient. It may branch when young but permits pruning. It may 

 be raised easily from cuttings. 



GOTTONWOOD, CAKOLINA POPLAR. 



Populus monilifera, Ait. 

 Populus deltoides, Marsh. See Britton & Brown, Vol. I, p. 493. 



A tree whose wood is being extensively used for paper pulp. It 

 is a rapid grower and adapts itself easily to almost any soil. The 

 most vigorous growth, however, is found on rather moist soil. Thirty 



