29 



Table 14. Consumption of Cypress (Bald), year ending June, 1912. 



SPRUCE. 



Two species of eastern spruce, namely, red and white, and one north- 

 western species, Sitka spruce, are reported by the Pennsylvania manufactur- 

 ers. It is impossible from the information obtained to present separate 

 statistics for the eastern species. The red spruce, the species common in New 

 York, Maine, and New Hampshire, is the tree appearing on the mountains in 

 various parts of Pennsylvania. In 1912 spruce was reported cut by 129 saw- 

 mills of the State. The white spruce came into the State largely by water 

 through the Great Lakes, from Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota, where 

 it is the common lumber tree. In appearance, qualities and sizes white 

 spruce resembles red spruce. Spruce lumber irrespective of species is being 

 substituted for white pine, especially in constructive work, box making, 

 tanks and silo manufacture, and many other less important places where white 

 pine was formerly used. Compared with it, however, spruce is weaker, less 

 durable, more brittle, harder to work, whiter and of finer grain. It is non- 

 resinous and therefore valuable for containers of foodstuffs. The western 

 wood, Sitka spruce, comes from Washington and is used for a few special pur- 

 poses. The planing mills reported its entire amount. 



