I 



113 



Table 69 Concluded. 



"Less than 1-100 of 1 per cent. 



DAIRYMEN'S AND POULTERERS' SUPPLIES. 



The new methods in vogue for carrying on the dairy and creamery as well 

 as the poultry business along scientific lines has brought about the use and 

 manufacture of special equipment among which are included important 

 articles made of wood. The factories manufacturing these articles are the 

 ones that have supplied the data which has been compiled in the table fol- 

 lowing. They are in no way related and have been combined only for con- 

 venience in presenting the statistics since it is considered in this way the uses 

 of the various woods may be more readily discussed. No one factory was 

 found making the entire equipment for all of these above lines of business. 

 They usually specialize either in one particular line or in the manufacture 

 of a single commodity as incubators, butter tubs, egg crates, etc. 



Under dairymen's supplies for Pennsylvania are grouped the making 

 of churns, butter tubs, cheese boxes, churn vats, milk bottle washers, and 

 curd grinders. Ash is the principal wood for churns, both for the staves 

 and for the paddles because it retains its shape and is less liable than any 

 other wood to impart taste. This wood is used for making all kinds from 

 the small domestic churns propelled by hand to the large 3ylindrical shurn 

 used in creameries. For the same reason that ash is used for churns it is 

 called for ahead of any other wood for making butter tubs and butter pails. 

 Maple is used with it for bottoms and covers of butter tubs but the quantity 

 is relatively small. In some states experiments have been made with cypress 

 for butter tubs but it was not in use in Pennsylvania although it was re- 

 ported with ash for churn vats. Over a million and a half feet of' wood is 

 required for making cheese boxes. Because white elm has the property of 

 bending it is used for these commodities ahead of any other wood, not only 

 in Pennsylvania, but elsewhere. Other woods are used in fairly large 

 amounts probably more for the reason that they could be purchased cheaper 

 than for any special adaptability. These woods include beech, yellow birch, 

 oak, hemlock, and ash. Wooden parts of the curd grinding machines in 

 cheese factories account for the appearance in the table of cottonwood, iron- 

 wood, and a large part of the sugar maple. 



The manufacturers of poulterers' supplies required almost as much lumber 

 as the factories making dairymen's equipment. Incubators and brooders were 

 the commodities manufactured. Cypress in the largest amounts answered 

 8 



