202 



LATHS. 



Many of the plastering laths produced in Pennsylvania are produced from 

 sawmill waste. Large quantities are also manufactured by portable lath mills 

 that follow the sawmill onto cut-over tracts and clear up the remaining small 

 softwood and the soft hardwood trees, as well as utilize the cutoffs, crooked 

 logs, tops, and other material the lumbermen left in the woods. Hemlock 

 and white pine are the principal lath woods in Pennsylvania, although spruce, 

 yellow poplar, cucumber, and aspen were also reported. 



SHINGLES. 



Chestnut, because it is a durable wood outside and cheap, is the principal 

 shingle material in Pennsylvania. White pine, hemlock, and a few hard- 

 woods in small amounts were the other woods to contribute to the output. In 

 the production of shingles Pennsylvania is not one of the principal states, 

 but compared with the quantity of wood used by the various wood-using in- 

 dustries of the State and especially with the home-grown material reported, 

 it is of considerable importance. Shingles made in Pennsylvania are both 

 split and sawed, the sawed shingle is more salable and therefore, the kind 

 generally manufactured. 



Table b. Production of Laths and Shingles. 



COOPERAGE. 



Table "c" reports the quantity and cost of material used in Pennsylvania 

 for the manufacture of barrel stock, staves, and heading. Raw material for 

 both stave and heading is usually purchased in the form of bolts but consider- 

 able sawmill waste is saved by being converted into these products. The 

 prices given were not taken from the Census bulletin as they are not com- 

 prised in these statistics. Information concerning them was collected from 

 cooperage plants by agents when in the field in connection with the wood- 

 using industry investigation, and an average made of them and applied to the 

 Census figures. 



The manufacture of cooperage is an industry which rightfully comes within 

 the scope of the wood-using industry study because both staves and heading 

 are but knocked-down barrels and should be included the same as box shocks 

 or other manufactured material which needs only to be assembled to be 

 finished. However, owing to the fact that one Bureau of the Federal Gov- 

 ernment gathers these statistics, the Forest Service did not deem it ex- 

 pedient to seek similar information from the cooporage plants twice in the 

 same year. Had the cooperage data been included in the foregoing report, 



