20 



from tree to tree by the flight of the female. Many experiments have 

 been made with different styles of bands, and it has been practically 

 proved that a broad, thick strip of raw cotton, tied about the trunk 

 of the tree with a string, is after all the most efficacious and perhaps 

 the cheapest. Such bands have to be renewed occasionally, as they 

 become more or less matted together and spoiled by rainstorms. 



Next in point of efficacy will probably come bands of insect lime, 

 several brands of which are on the market. In sect, lime is a sticky, 

 coal-tar product, which retains its viscidity for a considerable time. 

 A ring made around a tree will remain operative for some weeks in 

 warm weather. 



THE FALL WEBWORM. 



(Hyphantria cunea Drury; figs. 9 to 11.) 



Associated with the white- marked tussock moth in its damage to 

 the shade trees of the city of Washington during the summer of 1895, 

 were very many specimens of the fall webworm; in fact, this insect was 

 more abundant during the summer of 1895 than it has been in Wash- 

 ington since 1886. It was not as numerous and destructive as the 

 white-marked tussock moth, and the last generation was so extensively 

 parasitized as to lead to the anticipation that the species would not be 

 especially abundant during 1896. 



The fall webworm is a typical American species. It is found from 

 Canada to Georgia and from Montana to Texas. It is an almost uni- 

 versal feeder, and the records of the Division of Entomology list about 

 120 species of shade and ornamental trees, as well as fruit trees, upon 

 the leaves of which it feeds. 



In the District of Columbia and north to New York City there are 

 two generations annually, as is the case with the tussock moth. In 

 more northern localities, where it is single- brooded, it loses its place 

 as a species of great importance. It hibernates as a pupa within a 

 cocoon attached to the trunk of its food plant, or to tree boxes, neigh- 

 boring fences, or to rubbish and sticks or stones at the surface of the 

 ground. The different stages of the insect are shown in figs. 9 to 11. 

 The moth, which may be either pure white or white spotted with black, 

 flies at night and deposits a cluster of 400 or 500 eggs, upon either the 

 upper or the under surface of the leaf. The caterpillars feed gregari- 

 ously, and each colony spins a web which may eventually include all 

 the leaves of a good-sized limb. Beaching full growth, the caterpillars 

 leave the web and crawl down the trunk of the tree to spin their cocoons. 

 The caterpillars of the second generation begin to make their appear- 

 ance in force in August. 



Remedies. On account of the fact that the adult female is an active 

 flier, we can use against the fall webworm but two of the remedies 

 suggested for use against the tussock-moth caterpillars, namely, spray- 

 ing with arsenical poisons acid the collection of the cocoons. The gre- 



