104 ANNUAL REPORT OF 



for both, 60 to 70 per cent of spruce seed is used. On 

 pure spruce land 15 to 20 per cent of pine seed is mixed 

 in. On cleared land, to prevent injury from drought, 

 long, narrow seed strips made by hatchets are used 

 about a yard apart, not large squares; but when heath or 

 grass growth is to be feared then planting is to be pre- 

 ferred. For hacking of these seed strips are selected 

 places which are suitable for the growth of the seeds and 

 protection of the plants, such as the north side of shad- 

 ing objects, for example, stumps, windfalls, fixed rocks, 

 etc. The seed is laid on the south corner of the seed 

 strip so that seed and plant will be better shaded. When 

 sown on rocky land it has to be raked and covered by 

 hand. On even ground the seed strips should be made 

 in a direction from east to west, and the seeds not deep, 

 harrowed down along the south border of the strips. On 

 the other hand, on steep descents the seed strips should 

 be laid horizontally, so that the seed, in case of heavy 

 rain, shall not be washed down the hill. During the 

 latest ten years there have been yearly about 2,400 acres 

 sown with from 800 to 900 kilograms of conifer tree seed. 

 The planting of forest trees takes place on the com- 

 pany's land on a small scale and only where strong growth 

 of grass hinders the growth of young forests. That is 

 usual on good spruce land. There are planted four-year- 

 old transplants from four to five feet apart, so that the 

 number of plants on a tunnland (1.22 acres) varies be- 

 tween 2,250 and 3,500. The average number of trees 

 standing on an acre at the time of cutting is very differ- 

 ent, depending on previous cuttings. To more fully 

 answer this question as to old forest on gravelly land 

 which has not been subjected to other cuttings than the 

 thinning of too crowded trees and cuttings of defective 

 trees, the number of trees on two tracts, each of two and 

 a half acres extent, have been counted with the following 



