FORESTRY COMMISSIONER. 59 



regeneration fails, partly from afforestation of areas not 

 occupied by forest crops heretofore. 



The total amount of the annual harvest, or annual cut, 

 on the whole area under the state forest management is 

 pretty constant, whilst it is more or less subject to changes 

 in the different territories or forest ranges, according to 

 market conditions. Owing to the system of roads and 

 railroads in the forest of Galizia and of the Bukowina be- 

 ing extended annually 7 the annual utilization of forest 

 produce in the state and fund forests is expected to in- 

 crease in the future. The annual cut depends on figures 

 prescribed by forest-working plans. It is never allowed 

 to surpass the yield capacity of the forest. 



Aside from charcoal burning, forest products are sold 

 before manufacturing takes place. The trees to be cut are 

 felled, freed from branches, and cut up into logs, and, if so 

 desired, split up and freed from bark at the expense of the 

 owner of the forest. "Timber" consists of: (i) Timber 

 fit for building purposes which is not cut up into logs; (2) 

 saw logs, the length of which depends more on the condi- 

 tions of the logs than the inspection rules; (3) "work 

 wood," which means timbers fit for carriage work, for 

 turnery, etc. ; (4) split timber, used especially for cooper- 

 age purposes. ''Fuel" consists of wood for burning and 

 for charcoal making. The former is cut up into pieces one 

 meter (or 3.281 feet) long, the bark not being removed. 

 According to the diameter of the log from which the fuel 

 is taken, it is sold either split or unsplit. It is piled up 

 according to quality, in distinct and separate piles, Fuel 

 for charcoal burning is cut into pieces two or three meters 

 long. 



Relative to the reforestation of ground allotted to for- 

 estry, the main rules are found in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 

 of the imperial "Patent," dated Dec. 3, 1852, which run 

 as follows: Paragraph 2: ' 'Without special permission, 



