FORESTRY COMMISSIONER. 105 



hills of hyperite. West of the Klar river red iron gneiss 

 is almost the prevailing rock, but east of the same river 

 granite prevails, in large part solid, not crystalline, but 

 there are large tracts of primary granite poor in feldspar. 

 On granite, pine prevails to the extent of 75 to 80 per 

 cent, while on gneiss spruce occupies at least 40 per cent 

 of the surface. On the ' 'hyperite' ' hills spruce of large 

 growth prevails. The soil in the forest is composed 

 partly of the disintegrated rock such as above mentioned 

 and partly of deposits of older or later water courses. 

 Much of the soil is gravelly; much also is sandy. The 

 Klar river within the region of the Uddeholm forest is 

 400 feet above the sea, and on the east and west sides 

 rise very steep hills which at a distance, generally of a 

 thousand yards, attain a height of from 1,000 to 1,500 

 feet above the sea; thereafter they take a plateau form, 

 but are very often broken by water courses or bogs. The 

 whole region is thereby in a large degree of that cut or 

 broken character which one can readily obtain an illustra- 

 tion of by ascending one of the principal heights. The 

 highest and only actually barren-topped mountain in the 

 company's forest is Harfjellet, 2,200 feet above the sea. 

 Another, Tonnet mountain, 1,700 feet above the sea, is 

 called a "fjell" (barren-topped or snow-covered moun- 

 tain), but it is not actually that, for it is partly forest- 

 covered. 



Agriculture takes a subordinate place; the land most 

 suitable for cultivation is generally along the banks of the 

 larger streams. About 700 persons occupy small farms 

 as tenants and are obliged to produce certain quantities 

 of charcoal, in general 6,600 bushels each, and in all 

 4,620,000 bushels. They are also obliged to transport 

 the coal to the works. Besides, there are several hun- 

 dred forest laborers with smaller premises on which one 

 of two cows and several smaller animals are fed. About 



