FORESTRY COMMISSIONER. 71 



penses there must be added the annual expenses incurred 

 for the following items, namely: 



I. For raising, transplanting and nursing plants in 



nurseries proper , $17,894.78 



II. For preparatory work, as drainage, subsoiling, 



making mounds to plant upon, etc 1,694.96 



III. For cleaning and attending to the young forest 



previous to the age of, say, 20 years 6,406.72 



IV. Spades, picks, mattocks and other tools 834.02 



Adding these items to the above named figure of $28,- 



586.01, the grand total expense for replanting amounts to 

 155,416.49, or to $3.55 per acre. 



Of the entire forest area of 2,590, 182 acres, six-tenths 

 of one per cent are planted up annually. Of these, 40. 5 

 per cent were planted with seeds and 59.5 per cent were 

 planted with seedling plants. For planting seeds there 

 were used annually 23,669 kilograms of coniferous seeds; 

 further, 561 hectoliters of acorns and 10,543 hectoliters 

 of walnuts. The number of seedlings planted annually 

 averages 17,604, 196, planted out on 9,294 acres. 



Regeneration is effected partly from self-sown seed un- 

 der the cover of mother trees, partly from coppice shoots, 

 partly by planting and sowing after clear cuttings as indi- 

 cated above. Besides, where natural regeneration fails, 

 planting seeds or seedlings takes place. The number of 

 acres either wholly or partly cut over annually is 18,212. 

 Of these, 55 per cent, or 10, 108 acres, are planted up 

 artificially by means of sowing and planting, whereas 45 

 per cent, or 8, 104 acres, are regenerated from self-sown 

 seed or from coppice shoots. 



The difference between the area planted up annually, 

 namely, 15, 6 14 acres, with the area replanted annually 

 after a clear cutting just mentioned, namely, 10, 108 acres, 

 amounts to 5,506 acres, and may be explained partly 

 from the fact that on a considerable fraction of the 8, 104 

 acres just mentioned artificial help is needed when natural 



