108 ANNUAL REPORT OF 



the provinces of Archangel, Vologda, Perm Olonets and 

 Viatka, covering an area of 247,702, 139 acres, which in 

 1905 yielded 1,062,304 cubic fathoms of timber. Further- 

 more, in the Caucasus, 13,418, 327 acres of state forests, 

 with good forest land coverings, 454,607 acres, yielded 

 132,463 cubic fathoms of timber, and in Russia in Asia 

 361,945,497 acres of forests belonging to the state, of 

 which 129,169,881 acres are good forest land, yielded 

 607,595 cubic fathoms of timber. Thus all the State 

 forests in the empire, covering 661,792,491 acres, yielded 

 in 1905 5,542,470 cubic fathoms of timber. 



With regard to the average age of pine when cut, this 

 can only be approximately defined, according to the 

 manner in which the forests are cleared, namely: whether 

 the whole forest is cut down or whether only chosen 

 trees are cut. 



Generally in Russia in Europe the age of the trees 

 felled is: for pine, from 80, 100, 120 and 150 years; for 

 oak, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 150 years; for fir, 60, 80 and 100 

 years. For private forest landowners the forestry laws are 

 applied, and the age for oak is 40 years; while that of other 

 leaf trees is fixed at 30 years. The forests mortgaged in 

 the Nobility Land Bank enforce in European Russia, in 

 the North, the age of 100 years; in Central Russia, 80 

 years; in Southern Russia, 70 years; for oak 120 to 80 

 years, when bad growth, 40 years; for birch, poplar and 

 alder, from 30, 40 to 50 years. In the state forests the 

 age for cutting is fixed: for oak, from 80 to 120 years, 

 and for other species , from 40 to 60 years. 



With regard to the diameter of trees cut, an average 

 cannot be properly given, as it varies so greatly, in view 

 of the age, degree of intensity of the growth, local require- 

 ments, etc. In properly managed estates, the trees cut 

 have dimensions from i^ to 17^ and 26^ inches. In 



