FORESTRY COMMISSIONER. 129 



1 4, ox) persons live and gain their livelihood on the com- 

 pany's property. 



About 3,000 acres (2,700 to 3,000 ^tunnland"; one 

 tunnland being equal to 1.22 acres) are consumed or cut 

 over annually; though it is not easy to say just how much, 

 because clean cutting and selection cutting (cutting only 

 the larger trees) are both practiced. On an average 

 every tunnland (1.22 acres) ought at the end of every 

 rotation period 120 years for pine and 90 years for 

 spruce yield from 4,000 to 4, 500 cubic feet of lumber. 



The forest is handled by means of cutting trees that 

 hinder the growth of others or which are themselves de- 

 fective ( u hjelp och rensningsgallringar"), and thinning to 

 admit light ("ljushuggningar"), consisting of two to three 

 careful timber cuttings with an interval of 1 5 to 20 years, 

 which end either by leaving seed trees or in clean cutting. 

 The best stands of pine are finally cut at the age of from 

 130 to 140 years, and the middling at the age of 120 

 years, and the poorer at the age of 100 years. The 

 spruce stands in which thinning is much practiced are 

 nevertheless very sensitive to damage from excess of 

 light, wherefore timber cutting must be undertaken with 

 great care and skill, otherwise drought occurs. Spruce 

 is cut at the age of 70 to 100 years, according to its qual- 

 ity. During the past ten years there has been cut yearly 

 12,000,000 cubic feet of lumber of various sorts, namely, 

 of saw and building timber, 2,000,000 cubic feet; spruce 

 for paper pulp, 850,000 cubic feet; telephone and tele- 

 graph poles, 125,000 cubic feet; firewood, 2,275,000 

 cubic feet; wood for charcoal, 6,600,000 cubic feet; mis- 

 cellaneous, 150,000 cubic feet. Besides, there was each 

 year brought to the works and consumed stub-wood to 

 the amount of 1,500,000 cubic feet. 



Certainly not more than 15, or at the highest 20, per 

 cent of the cut-over area becomes restocked by natural 



