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foliage is stiff and the needles are borne in clusters of three \ this at once 

 distinguishes it from the white pine. The needles are a dark yellow- 

 green instead of a blue-green. The cones are short and stout, about two 

 or three inches long and two inches thick, and the cone-scales are armed 

 with prickles. There is not the slightest resemblance between the white 

 pine and the pitch pine, either in the needles, cones, or bark; and if you 

 have an opportunity to look at the wood after the tree has been cut, 

 you will find that there is no more resemblance there. The wood of 

 the pitch pine is coarse-grained, full of pitch, and not adapted to the 

 fine work for which white pine is used. Indeed, the wood of pitch pine 

 is of little value except for coarse, rough lumber and for excelsior. 



The red pine, or Norway pine, as it is frequently called, is a tree that 

 is not found in many parts of this State. It is common only in the 

 Adirondack region, where it grows on light, sandy soils and has plenty 

 of sunlight. It may be found occasionally, however, in other parts of 

 northern New York. It can be distinguished by its long, flexible needles 

 (four to six inches long), which are borne two in a cluster. The cones 

 are two to two and one half inches long and have no prickles. Taking 

 the cones and the needles together, there is no danger of confusing this 

 tree with the other two pines mentioned. 



The red pine reaches a height of seventy-five or eighty feet. The wood 

 is harder than that of the white pine, yet, like white pine, it is not durable 

 in contact with the soil. Because of its hardness it is not so valuable a 

 timber as white pine, but the red pine possesses the great advantage of 

 being a tree that will grow well on land too poor to produce a satisfactory 

 crop of white pine. It rarely makes close forests, because it is a tree 

 that demands a great amount of light for its growth. Red pine trees are 

 never found in large numbers together, at least in this State, but are found 

 mixed with other trees, especially at the edge of lakes or in openings 

 throughout the sandy stretches of country that are common in the 

 Adirondack Mountains. 



The jack, or scrub, pine is not frequently seen in this State except in 

 dry, sandy, barren soils in the northern part. It is usually a small, scrubby 

 tree, with irregular branches, and of such poor form that it is practically 

 worthless for lumber. The leaves are bluish green, covered with a gray 

 bloom, and about two inches in length. They are borne in clusters of 

 two, are twisted, and have a tendency to spread apart. The cones are 

 small (rarely more than two inches long) and are armed with small 

 prickles, which, however, may drop off. 



The Jersey scrub pine is still more irregular and worthless as a lumber- 

 producing tree. It grows in poor, sandy soil and is found growing wild 

 only on Long Island. The needles are borne in clusters of two and the 

 cones have prickles. 



