Summary on the Kinds of Common Evergreens. 



The white pine (Pinus Strobus). Leaves in clusters of five, soft 

 and slender ; cones five or six inches long, slightly curved ; 

 bark smooth except on the trunks and larger limbs of old 

 trees, where it is fissured. 



The pitch pine (Pinus rigida). Leaves in clusters of three, from 

 three to four inches long, rather rigid ; cones two to three 

 inches long, often in clusters of two or more but frequently 

 borne singly, persisting long after the seeds have been shed ; 

 bark more or less rough on the young growth and deeply 

 fissured on the trunks of old trees. 



The Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris). Leaves usually in clusters of 

 two, from two to four inches long, rigid, of a bluish-green 

 hue when seen in a large mass on the tree ; cones two to three 

 inches long and the scales tipped with a beak or prickle. 



The Austrian pine (Pinus Austriaca). Leaves in clusters of two, 

 five or six inches long and somewhat rigid, dark green in 

 color and persisting for four or five years ; cones about three 

 inches long, conical in shape and scales not beaked or pointed 

 as in the Scotch pine. 



The Norway spruce (Picea excelsa). Leaves borne singly, about 

 one inch long, dark green, four sided ; cones about six inches 

 long, and composed of thin scales, and usually borne on the 

 tips of branchlets. The small branches mostly drooping. 



The black spruce (Picea nigra). In general appearance, this is 

 not very unlike the Norway spruce, but the small branches 

 stand out more horizontally and the cones are only one or 

 one and one-half inches long, recurving on short branches. 

 The cones persist for several years after shedding the seed. 



71ie white spruce (Picea alba). Leaves about one inch long, 

 having a glaucous or whitish tinge ; twigs stout and rigid, 

 of a pale greenish white color ; cones from one to two and one- 

 half inches long, more or less cylindrical or " finger-shape," 

 and easily crushed when dry. 



The red spruce (Picea rubra). The foliage lacks the whitish 

 tinge of the white pruce and is of a dark or dark yellowish 

 color ; twigs stouter than those of the black spruce and not 



