THE SNOW-WHITE LINDEN MOTH 61 



chitinous hooks that securely fasten the pupa to the network of threads 

 lining the cocoon. The pupa is of a pale brown color necked with numer- 

 ous black dots which in some places run together. .The six pupae, 

 under observation, occupied 13 to 16 days for their transformations 

 to adults. 



The moths are pure white, and the females are somewhat larger 

 than the males and have thread-like antennae, while the males possess 

 feather-like antennae. The front wings of the male and the female 

 are angulated, those of the female more prominently. Packard says 

 that the hind wings of the male are entire. In a long series of bred 

 specimens, many males show notched hind wings while some are entire 

 in outline. The hind wings of the female are noticeably and quite 

 regularly notched. (Fig. 57). 



FIG. 57. Male moth at left, female at right 



From the eggs brought to Ithaca from Arena and Cooks Falls we 

 find the moths appearing from June 16 to July ist. From caterpillars 

 obtained from Cooks Falls in 1909 we find the moths appearing July 18 

 to July 2$th. At Arena, N. Y., in 1909, the larvae were found pupating 

 about July ist and the moths appeared about the middle of July. It 

 would seem, then, that the adult moths appear from the middle of 

 June to the last of July, depending upon the season, altitude, and other 

 factors. The eggs are deposited within a few days after the moths 

 emerge, thus completing the life cycle. 



NATURAL ENEMIES 



What the natural checks of this insect are we are unable to say at 

 present. It is evident that some unfavorable conditions have operated 



