28 REFORESTATION IN MASSACHUSETTS. 



our Norway, both in quality of lumber and in the kind of soil 

 preferred by the tree. 



It differs, however, in the fact that it grows well in dense 

 pure stands rather than in mixture with other species, and also 

 in that it seeds often and abundantly, and therefore costs much 

 less to grow than red pine. 



In common with the other pines, Scotch is not much subject 

 to disease and insect attack, but is somewhat more sensitive to 

 fire than red. 



It is used for the same purposes as red pine. 



Hemlock (Tsuga americana). 



This tree, easily the most tolerant of the American conifers, 

 prefers cold north and east slopes of the hillsides in the northern 

 parts of the State. Because of its extreme tolerance, it will 

 grow either with any other species, evergreen or hardwood, or 

 in dense pure stands in all stages of growth. 



The seeds are borne in very small cones, and are very light. 

 Reproduction is good under favorable conditions of soil and lo- 

 cation, and the tree frequently grows apparently out of bare 

 rock, so thin is the soil. 



Trees of this species often grow to a very large size, but such 

 individuals are apt to be rotten and shaky. Other species will 

 not grow under hemlock because of the dense shade cast by it. 



The wood is being used more and more for building timber, 

 as the supply of other species grows scarcer, and some lumber 

 dealers prefer it to spruce for rough frame timbers. If care is 

 not used in drying it is very likely to check. 



Red Spruce (Picea rubra). 



This tree is the timber spruce of Maine,* and is now the most 

 important species in that State in size of cut. It will grow in 

 northern Massachusetts on the higher elevations, preferably in 

 mixture with pine and hemlock. 



It will grow in the shade of other trees for many years, and 

 shows marked ability to start up and grow when suddenly ex- 

 posed to the light. 



Growth is not rapid, and large size is not reached by this 



