DISEASES OF HORSES 41 



diarrhea the discharge becomes arrested in from five to ten days 

 and a rapid recovery takes place. 



Complication of the Lungs. If at any time during the course 

 of the fever the animal is exposed to cold or drafts of air, or in any 

 other way to the causes of repercussion, the lungs may become af- 

 fected. In the majority of cases, however, after three, four, or five 

 days of the fever, congestion of the lungs commences without any 

 exposure or apparent exciting cause. Unless this congestion of the 

 lungs is soon relieved it is followed by an inflammation constituting 

 pneumonia. This pneumonia, while it is in its essence the same, 

 differs from an ordinary pneumonia at the commencement by an in- 

 sidious course. The animal commences to breathe heavily, which 

 becomes distinctly visible in the heaving of the flanks, the dilatation 

 of the nostrils, and frequently in the swaying movement of the un- 

 steady body. The respirations increase in number, what little ap- 

 petite remained is lost, the temperature increases from 1 to 2, the 

 pulse 'becomes more rapid, and at times, for a short period, more 

 tense and full, but the previous poisoning of the specific disease has 

 so weakened the tissues that it never becomes the characteristic full, 

 tense pulse of a simple pneumonia. 



On percussion of the chest dullness is found over the inflamed 

 areas; on auscultation at the base of the neck over the trachea a 

 tubular murmur is heard. The crepitant rales and tubular murmurs 

 of pneumonia are heard on the sides of the chest if the pneumonia 

 is peripheral, but in pneumonia complicating influenza the inflamed 

 portions are frequently disseminated in islands of variable size and 

 are sometimes deep seated, in which case the characteristic auscultory 

 symptoms are sometimes wanting. From this time on the symptoms 

 of the animal are those of an ordinary grave pneumonia, rendered 

 more severe by occurring in a debilitated animal. The cough is at 

 first hacky and aborted ; later, more full and moist and there is dis- 

 charge from the nostrils. As in simple pneumonia, in the outset this 

 discharge may be rusty, due to capillary hemorrhages. We find that 

 the blood is thoroughly mixed with the matter, staining it evenly, 

 instead of being mixed with it in the form of clots. At the com- 

 mencement of the complication the animal may be subject to chills, 

 which may again occur in the course of the disease, in which case, if 

 severe, an unfavorable termination by gangrene may be looked for. 

 If gangrene occurs it is shown by preliminary chills, a rapid elevation 

 of temperature, a tumultuous heart, a flaky discharge from the nos- 

 trils, and a fetid breath ; the symptoms are identical with those which 

 occur in gangrene complicating other diseases. 



Complication of the Brain. At any time during the course of 

 the disease congestion of the brain may occur; at an early period if 

 the fever has been intense from the outset, but in ordinary cases 

 more frequently after three or four days. The animal, which has 

 been stupid, becomes suddenly restless, walks forward in the stall until 

 it fastens its head in the corner. If in a box stall and it becomes 

 displaced from its position, it follows the wall with the nose and 

 eyes, rubbing it along until it reaches the corner and again fastens 



