50 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



directly behind the shoulder on either side of the chest. In some 

 cases the evidence of lung lesion can only be detected over the 

 trachea. The lesions of the lungs may be scattered through both 

 lungs, involving numerous small areas, or they may be confined to 

 and more or less fully occupy one or two lobes. Occasionally there is 

 a general involvement of both lungs. The body temperature has now 

 reached 104 or 105 F., or in extreme cases even a degree higher. 

 The debility of the animal is great without the stupefaction or evi- 

 dence of cerebral trouble, which is constant with such grave constitu- 

 tional phenomena in influenza or severe pneumonias. The animal is 

 subject to occasional chills, and on movement staggers in its gait. 

 The yellow coloration of the visible mucous membrane is rendered 

 pale by infiltration of the liquid of the blood into the tissues; the 

 pulse may become so soft as to be almost imperceptible, the heart 

 movement and sounds being at the same time exaggerated. The ani- 

 mal loses flesh rapidly, and dropsies of the extremities, of the under 

 surface of the belly, or of the internal organs may show themselves. 



Terminations. These symptoms may gradually subside after 

 five to eight days, with an improved appetite the inanition may cease 

 and the animal commence to nourish its impoverished blood and tis- 

 sues ; the pulse becomes stronger and the heart more regular and less 

 tumultuous ; the mucous membranes assume a brighter and more dis- 

 tinct color ; the difficulty of respiration is removed, and the animal 

 may make a recovery. When death occurs it is usually directly due 

 to heart failure ; in some cases it is caused by asphyxia, owing to the 

 great amount of exudation into the lung tissue, rendering its further 

 function impossible. 



Complications. The pulmonary complications of edematous 

 pneumonia are secondary inflammatory or necrotic changes in the 

 lungs themselves. Suppuration at times takes place in the bronchi 

 and may extend to the lung tissue. In this case mucous rales develop 

 which are most distinctly heard over the trachea and on the sides of 

 the chest directly behind the shoulders. With the development of the 

 mucous rales, to be heard on auscultation, we have a more purulent 

 discharge from the nostrils, similar to that of a chronic or subacute 

 bronchitis. If the inflammation has been of some standing, caver- 

 nous rales may be heard indicating the destruction of a considerable 

 portion of lung tissue and the formation of a cavity. Gangrene some- 

 times occurs. A sudden rise of the body temperature of 1 or 2, with 

 a more enfeebled pulse and a still more tumultuous heart, develop 

 simultaneously with the appearance of a discharge from the nostrils. 

 This discharge is gray in color, serous or watery in consistency, mixed 

 with the detritus of broken-down lung tissue, and sometimes contains 

 clots of blood, or in more serious cases may be marked by a quantity 

 of fluid blood from a hemorrhage, which proves fatal. The discharge 

 is fetid to the smell. The animal emaciates rapidly. On examina- 

 tion of the lungs mucous rales are heard in the larger bronchi, cavities 

 may be found at any part of these organs, and points of lobular pneu- 

 monia may be detected. 



