60 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



space, deep inside of the jaws, is found an enlargement of the 



glands, which for the first few days may seem soft and edematous, 

 lit which rapidly becomes confined to the glands, these being from 

 the size of an almond to that of a small bunch of berries, exceed- 

 ingly hard and nodulated. .This enlargement of the glands is 

 found high up on the inside of the jaws, firmly adherent to the 

 base of the tongue. It is not to be confounded with the puffy, 

 edematous swelling, which is not separated from the skin and suo- 

 cutaneous connective tissues found in strangles, in laryngitis, and 

 in other simple inflammatory troubles. 



These glands bear a great resemblance to the hard, indurated 

 glands which are found in connection with the collection of pus in 

 the sinuses ; but in the latter disease the glands have not the extreme 

 nodulated feel which they have in glanders. With the glands are 

 found indurated cords, feeling like balls of tangled wire or twine, 

 fastening the glands together. 



The essential symptoms of glanders are the nodule, the chan- 

 cre, the glands, and the discharge. With the development of the 

 nodules in the respiratory tract, according to their number and 

 the amount of eruption which they cause there may be found a 

 cough which resembles that of a coryza, a laryngitis, a bronchitis, 

 or a broncho-pneumonia, according to the location of the lesions. 

 In chronic glanders there is found the same accessory symptoms 

 that occur in chronic farcy 2 the hemorrhage of the nose, the swell- 

 ing of the legs, the chronic cough, and, in the entire horse, the 

 swelling of the testicles. 



On healing, the chancres on the mucous membranes leave 

 small, whitish, star-shaped scars, hard and indurated to the touch, 

 and which remain for almost an indefinite time. The chancres heal 

 and the other local symptoms disappear, with the exception of the 

 enlargement of the glands, and one finds these so diminished in 

 size that they are scarcely perceptible on examination. During the 

 subacute attacks, with a minimum quantity of local troubles, in 

 chronic glanders and in chronic farcy the animal rarely shows any 

 amount of fever, but does have a general depraved appearance; it 

 loses flesh and becomes hide-bound; the skin becomes dry and the 

 hairs stand on end. There is a cachexia, however, which resembles 

 greatly that of any chronic, organic trouble, but is not diagnostic, 

 although it has in it certain appearances and conditions which often 

 render the animal suspicious to the eye of the expert veterinarian, 

 while without the presence of local lesions he would be unable to 

 state on what he has based his opinion. 



ACUTE GLANDERS. 



Symptoms. In the acute form of glanders is found the 

 symptoms which have just been studied in chronic farcy and in 

 chronic glanders in a more acute and aggravated form. There is a 

 rapid outbreak of nodules in the respiratory tract which rapidly 

 degenerate into chancres and pour out a considerable discharge 

 from the nostrils. There is a cough of more or less severity accord- 

 ing to the amount and site of the local eruption. Over the surface 



