DISEASES OF HORSES 61 



of the body swellings occur which are rapidly followed by farcy 

 buttons, which break into ulcers ; we find 'the indurated cords and 

 enlargement of the lymphatics. 



Bleeding from the nose, sudden swelling of one of the hind 

 legs, and the swelling of the testicles are apt to precede an acute 

 eruption of glanders. As the symptoms become more marked the 

 animal has difficulty of respiration, the flanks heave, the respira- 

 tion becomes rapid, the pulse becomes quickened, and the tempera- 

 ture becomes elevated to 103, 104, or 105 F. 



^'ith the other symptoms of an acute fever the general appear- 

 ance and station of the animal is that of one suffering from an acute 

 pneumonia, but upon examination, while sibilant and mucous rales 

 over the side of the chest may be found and one may possibly hear 

 tubular murmurs at the base of the neck over the trachea, there is 

 not found the tubular murmur or the large area of dullness on per- 

 cussion over the sides of the chest which belongs to simple pneu- 

 monia. 



Cases of chronic farcy and glanders, if not destroyed, may live 

 in a depraved condition until the animal dies from general emacia- 

 tion and anemia, but in the majority of cases, from some sudden ex- 

 posure to cold, it develops an acute pneumonia or other simple in- 

 flammatory trouble which starts up the latent disease and the ani- 

 mal has acute glanders. 



In the ass, mule, and plethoric horses acute glanders usually 

 terminates by lobular pneumonia. In other cases the general symp- 

 toms may subside. The symptoms of pneumonia gradually dis- 

 appear, the temperature lowers, the pulse becomes slower, the ulcers 

 heal, leaving small indurated cicatrices, and the animal may return 

 to apparent health, or may at least be able to do a small amount of 

 work with but a few symptoms of the disease remaining in a chronic 

 form. During the attack of acute glanders the inflammation of the 

 nasal cavities frequently spreads into the sinuses or air cells, which 

 are found in the forehead and in front of the eyes on either side of 

 the face, and cause abscesses of these cavities, which may remain as 

 the only visible symptom of the disease. An animal which has re- 

 covered from a case of acute glanders, like the animals which are 

 affected by chronic glanders and chronic farcy, are apt to be affected 

 with emphysema of the lungs or the heaves, and to have a chronic 

 cough. In this condition they may continue for a long period, 

 serving as dangerous sources of contagion, the more so because the 

 slight amount of discharge does not serve as a warning to the owner 

 or driver as profuse discharge does in the more acute cases. 



Treatment. Almost the entire list of drugs in the pharma- 

 coposia has been tested in the treatment of glanders. Good hygienic 

 surroundings, good food, with alteratives and tonics, frequently 

 ameliorate the symptoms, and often do so to such an extent that 

 the animal would pass the examination of any expert as a perfectly 

 sound animal. But while in this case the number of nodules of the 

 lungs, which are invariably there, may be so few as not to cause 

 sufficient disturbance in the respiration as to attract the attention 



