74 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



appetite returns, and no sign is left of the disease except the fever 

 mark on the hoof. 



Complications. The complications are excessive spasms and 

 pleurisy. In the former the cough may be so violent as to convulse 

 the whole animal, the legs are spread and fixed, with the hind ones 

 drawn slightly under the body. The head and neck are extended, 

 with the muscles tense. The cough comes out by rapidly succeeding 

 efforts, or with the first sound the larynx seems to close for a moment 

 before the rest can follow. 



Diagnosis. The diagnosis is based upon the elevation of the 

 temperature without corresponding acceleration of the pulse and of 

 the respirations; upon the retention of appetite and spinal reflex, 

 with the great irritability of temper in the presence of a high temp- 

 erature, and upon the spasmodic cough and auscultatory sounds of 

 bronchitis with but trifling discharge. 



The diagnosis is made from edematous pneumonia by the ab- 

 sence of the yellow colorations, the absence of pneumonia, and the 

 less continuous high temperature ; from influenza by the absence of 

 edema, of the ocher coloration, and of the typhoid symptoms ; from 

 strangles by want of enlargement of the lymphatics, absence of 

 purulent discharge and abscesses; from variola by the nonappear- 

 ance of pustules and enlarged lymphatics; from simple bronchitis, 

 as the latter is sporadic, and in it great fever is accompanied by pro- 

 fuse discharge; from rheumatic pleurisy and pleurodynia by the 

 history in these of repeated attacks and great temporary pain ; from 

 surgical fever by the absence of cause. 



Prognosis. The prognosis is usually favorable. This disease 

 entails only the loss of ten days' to three weeks' use of the animal, 

 and leaves the subject with no complicating sequels. Pleurisy 

 would render the prognosis serious, as the same disease would when 

 occurring from simple causes. 



Treatment. The treatment of a stable should be at once pro- 

 phylactic. The infected animals should be removed, and complete 

 disinfection of the stalls and area should be made. The individual 

 treatment is simple. The hygienic measures of cleanliness, fresh 

 air without drafts, frequent rubbing, and tempting food should be 

 thorough. The digestive tract is to be regulated by small doses 

 of bicarbonate of soda, sulphate of soda, gentian, and tannic acid. 

 The appetite is to be stimulated by drinks of cold breakfast tea and 

 cow's milk. Antispasmodics are to be used when the cough is ex- 

 cessive. The best of these are camphor, belladonna, stramonium, 

 and steaming with turpentine (turpentine 1 ounce, water half 

 bucket). External frictions of alcohol and turpentine, with hot 

 packs to the loins, will also afford relief. Quinine and salicylic 

 acid may be used during the elevation of temperature. Tracheal 

 injections in 1-ounce doses of the following solution: Acetate of 

 aluminum, 1 per cent; alum, one-half to 1 per cent; bromide of 

 potash, 1 to 2 per cent; water, 100 per cent, are recommended. 

 (Spl. Rpt. Horse, Dept. Agr., 1911.) 



