128 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES, 



of hot water and frequently changed; or mustard paste may be 

 rubbed on the skin of the belly. Internally, opium is of service to 

 allay pain, check secretion, and soothe the inflamed membrane. 

 The dose is from 1 to 2 drams, given every three or four hours. If 

 there is constipation, the opium should be mixed with 30 grains of 

 calomel. Stimulants, such as alcohol, aromatic spirits of ammonia, 

 or camphor may be given in 2-ounce doses, mixed with warm water 

 to make a drench. 



If putrid food has been consumed, creolin may be administered 

 in doses of 2 drams, mixed with 1 pint of warm water or milk. If 

 there is obstinate constipation and a laxative must be employed, it 

 should be sweet or castor oil, from 1 pint to 1 quart. For the various 

 poisons the remedies are as follows: Arsenic, oxyhydrate of iron 

 solution, 1 pint to 1 quart, or calcined magnesia one-half ounce in 1 

 pint of water; corrosive sublimate, the whites of a dozen eggs or 2 

 ounces of flowers of sulphur; sugar of lead, Glauber's salts, 1 pound 

 in 1 quart of warm water, to be followed with iodide of potash, 3 

 drams at a dose, in water, three times daily for five days; sulphate of 

 copper, milk, the whites of eggs, or reduced iron ; sulphate of chlo- 

 ride of zinc, milk, the whites of eggs, or calcined magnesia; lye or 

 alkalies, as caustic potash or soda, vinegar, dilute sulphuric acid, 

 and linseed tea, with opium, 3 drams; mineral acids, chalk, or cal- 

 cined magnesia, or baking soda; later give linseed tea and opium. 



HEMORRHOIDS, OR PILES. These are rare, comparatively, in 

 horses. They are diagnosed by the appearance of bright-red ir- 

 regular tumors after defecation, which may remain visible at all 

 times or be seen only when the horse is down or after passing his 

 manure. They are mostly due to constipation, to irritation, or in' 

 juries, or follow from the severe straining during dysentery. 



Treatment. Attention must be paid to the condition of the 

 bowels; they should be soft, but purging is to be avoided. The 

 tumors should be washed in warm water and thoroughly cleansed, 

 after which scarify them and gently but firmly squeeze out the 

 liquid that will be seen to follow the shallow incisions. After thus 

 squeezing these tumors and before replacing through the anus, 

 bathe the parts with some anodyne wash. For this purpose the 

 glycerite of tannin and laudanum in equal parts is good. 



HERNIA, OR RUPTURE. There are several different kinds of 

 hernias that require notice, not all of which, however, produce se- 

 rious symptoms or results. Abdominal hernias, or ruptures, are 

 divided into reducible, irreducible, and strangulated, according to 

 condition; and into inguinal, scrotal, ventral, umbilical, and dia- 

 phragmatic, according to their situation. A hernia is reducible 

 when the displaced organ can be returned to its natural location. It 

 consists of a soft swelling, without heat, pain, or any uneasiness, 

 generally larger on full feed, and decreases in size as the bowels 'be- 

 come empty. An irreducible hernia is one that can not be returned 

 into the abdomen, and yet does not cause any pain or uneasiness. 

 Strangulated hernia is one where the contents of the sac are greatly 

 distended, or where from pressure upon the blood vessels of the im- 



