140 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



Symptoms. Great caution must be exercised when examining 

 these cases, for the horse may have glanders; while, on the other 

 hand, horses have been condemned as glandered when really there 

 was nothing ailing them but nasal gleet. This affection is not con- 

 tagious. It may stubbornly resist treatment and last for a long 

 time. In most cases the discharge is from one nostril only, which 

 may signify that the sinuses on that side of the head are affected. 

 The discharge may be intermittent, that is, quantities may be dis- 

 charged at times and again little or none for a day or so. Such an 

 intermittent discharge usually signifies disease of the sinuses. The 

 glands under and between the bones of the lower jaw may be en- 

 larged. The peculiar ragged-edged ulcer of glanders is not to be 

 found on the membrane within the nostrils, but occasionally sores 

 are to be seen there. If there is any doubt about it, study well the 

 symptoms of glanders to enable you to be at least competent to 

 form a safe opinion. 



The eye on the side of the discharging nostril may have a 

 peculiar appearance and look smaller than its fellow. There may 

 be an enlargement, having the appearance of a bulging out of the 

 bone over the part affected, between or below the eyes. The breath 

 may be offensive, which indicates decomposition of the matter or 

 bones, or disease of the teeth. A diseased tooth is further indicated 

 by the horse holding his head to one side when eating, or by drop- 

 ping the food from the mouth after partly chewing it. When you 

 tap on the bones between the eyes, below the eyes, and above the 

 back teeth of the upper jaw, a hollow, drumlike sound is emitted, 

 but if the sinus is filled with pus or contains a large tumor the 

 sound emitted will be the same as if a solid substance were struck ; 

 by this means the sinus affected may be located in some instances. 

 The hair may be rough over the affected part., or even the bone may 

 be soft to the touch and the part give somewhat to pressure or leave 

 an impression where it is pressed upon with the finger. 



Treatment. The cause of the trouble must be ascertained be- 

 fore treatment is commenced. In the many cases where the animal 

 is in poor condition (in fact, in all cases) he should have the most 

 nutritive food and regular exercise. The food, or box containing 

 it, should be placed on the ground, as the dependent position of the 

 head favors the discharge. 



The cases that do not require a surgical operation must, as a 

 rule, have persistent medical treatment. Mineral tonics and local 

 medication are of the most value. For eight days give the follow- 

 ing mixture: Reduced iron, 3 ounces; powdered nux vomica, 1 

 ounce. Mix and make into sixteen powders. Give one powder 

 mixed with the food twice a day. Sulphur burnt in the stable 

 while the animal is there to inhale its fumes is also a valuable ad- 

 junct. Care should be taken that the fumes of the burning sulphur 

 are sufficiently diluted with air, so as not to suffocate the horse. 

 Chloride of lime sprinkled around the stall is good. Also keep a 

 quantity of the chloride under the hay in the manger, so that the 

 gases will be inhaled as the horse holds his head over the hay while 



