DISEASES OF HORSES 143 



eating. Keep the nostrils washed, and keep the discharge cleaned 

 away from the manger and stall. The horse may be caused to 

 inhale creolin vapor by pouring 2 ounces into hot water and fumi- 

 gating in the usual way. 



If the nasal gleet is the result of a diseased tooth, the tooth 

 must be removed. The operation of trephining is the best possible 

 way to remove the tooth in such cases, as it immediately opens the 

 cavity which can be attended to direct. In all those cases of nasal 

 gleet where sinuses contain either collections of pus or tumors, the 

 only relief is by the trephine; and, no matter how thoroughly de- 

 scribed, this is an operation that will be very seldom attempted by 

 the non-professional. It would therefore be a waste of time to give 

 the modus operandi. 



THICKENING OF THE MEMBRANE. 



This is sometimes denoted by a chronic discharge, a snuffling 

 in the breathing, and a contraction of the nostril. It is a result of 

 common cold and requires the same treatment as prescribed for 

 nasal gleet, namely, the sulphate of iron, sulphate of copper, iodide 

 of potassium, etc. The membranes of both sides may be affected, 

 but one side only is the rule; and the affected side may be easily 

 detected by holding the hand tightly over one nostril at a time. 

 When the healthy side is closed in this manner, the breathing 

 through the affected side will demonstrate a decreased caliber or an 

 obstruction. 



NASAL POLYPU3. 



Tumors with narrow bases (somewhat pear-shaped) are occa- 

 sionally found attached to the membrane of the nasal chambers, 

 and are obstructions to breathing through the side in which they 

 are located. They vary much in size; some are so small that their 

 presence is not manifested, while others almost completely fill up 

 the chamber, thereby causing a serious obstruction to the passage 

 of air. The stem, or base, of the tumor is generally attached high 

 up in the chamber, and usually the tumor can not be seen, but 

 occasionally it increases in size until it can be observed within the 

 nostril. Sometimes, instead of hanging down toward the nasal 

 opening, it falls back into the pharynx. It causes a discharge from 

 the nostril, a more or less noisy snuffling sound in breathing, ac- 

 cording to its size, a discharge of blood (if it is injured), and sneez- 

 ing. The side that it occupies can be .detected in the same way as 

 described for the detection of the affected side when the breathing 

 is obstructed by a thickened membrane. 



The only relief is removal of the polypus, which, like all other 

 operations, should be done by an expert when it is possible to secure 

 one. The operation is performed by grasping the base of the tumor 

 with suitable forceps and twisting it round and round until it is torn 

 from its attachment, or by cutting it off with a noose of wire. The 

 resulting hemorrhage is checked by the use of a lotion, such as a 

 solution of the tincture of iron, or by packing the nostrils with 

 surgeon's gauze. 



