144 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



PHARYNGEAL POLYPUS. 



This is exactly the same kind of tumor described as nasal 

 polypus, the only difference being in the situation. Indeed, the 

 stem of the tumor may be attached to the membrane of the nasal 

 chamber, as before explained, or it may be attached in the fauces 

 (opening of the back part of the mouth), and the body of the 

 tumor then falls into the pharynx. In this situation it may seri- 

 ously interfere with breathing. Sometimes it drops into the larynx, 

 causing the most alarming symptoms. The animal coughs, or tries 

 to cough, saliva flows from the mouth, the breathing is performed 

 with the greatest difficulty and accompanied by a loud noise; the 

 animal appears as if strangled and often falls exhausted. When 

 the tumor is coughed out of the larynx the animal regains quickly 

 and soon appears as if nothing was ailing. These sudden attacks 

 and quick recoveries point to the nature of the trouble. The exam- 

 ination must be made by holding the animal's mouth open with a 

 balling iron or speculum and running the hand back into the 

 mouth. If the tumor is within reach, it must be removed in the 

 same manner as though it were in the nose. 



BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE. 



This often occurs during the course of certain diseases, namely, 

 influenza, bronchitis, purpura hemorrhagica, glanders, etc. But it 

 also occurs independent of other affections; and, as before men- 

 tioned, is a symptom of polypus, or tumor, in the nose. 



Injuries to the head, exertion, violent sneezing causing a 

 rupture of a small blood vessel also induce it. The bleeding is 

 almost invariably from one nostril only, and is never very serious. 

 The blood escapes in drops (very seldom in a stream) and is not 

 frothy, as when the hemorrhage is from the lungs. In most cases 

 bathing the head and washing out the nostril with cold water are 

 all that is necessary. If the cause is known, you will be guided 

 according to circumstances. If the bleeding continues, pour ice- 

 cold water over the face, between the eyes and down over the nasal 

 chambers. A bag containing ice in small pieces applied to the head 

 is often efficient. If in spite of these measures the hemorrhage 

 continues, try plugging the nostrils with cotton or oakum. Tie a 

 string around the plug before it is pushed up into the nostril, so 

 that it can be safely withdrawn after four or five hours. If both 

 nostrils are bleeding, plug only one nostril at a time. If the hemor- 

 rhage is profuse and persistent, give a drench composed of 1 dram 

 of acetate of lead dissolved in 1 pint of water; or ergot, 1 ounce. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE PHARYNX. 



As already stated, the pharynx is common to the functions of 

 both respiration and alimentation. From this organ the air passes 

 into the larynx and thence onward to the lungs. In the posterior 

 part of the pharynx is the superior extremity of the gullet, the 

 canal through which the food and water pass to the stomach. In- 

 flammation of the pharynx is a complication of other diseases 

 namely, influenza, strangles, etc. and is probably always more or 

 less complicated with inflammation of the larynx. That it may 



