tissue, even on parts not subject to much motion, is extremely tedious 

 to treat; in fact, it is questionable whether the treatment and keep of 

 the animal will ever be compensated for, even though recovery does 

 take place, which, in any event, will require at least six or eight 

 weeks. Those due to lightning stroke and trolley wires are likely to 

 occur in irregular lines, and, unless death occurs at once, they are 

 not likely to prove serious. 



Treatment. Treatment should be prompt and effective. If 

 the burns are extensive the constitutional symptoms should be com- 

 bated with whisky and milk and eggs, or ammonia carbonate, strych- 

 nine, caffein, and other stimulants to prevent shock. In the local 

 treatment, to alleviate the pain, the application of cold water in 

 some form and the hypodermic injection of morphine are to be 

 recommended. In burns of the first degree, where there is only a 

 superficial inflammation, white lead ointment is very good. Carron 

 oil (limewater and linseed oil, equal parts) is a standard remedy, but 

 a modification of it known as Stahl's liniment is perhaps better ; this 

 liniment is composed of linseed oil and limewater each 200 parts, 

 bicarbonate soda 100 parts, and thymol 1 part. This liniment should 

 be applied freely to the scorched surface and covered with a layer of 

 borated gauze or absorbent cotton to protect it from the air. Renew 

 the application frequently. Carbolated vaseline may be used in 

 place of the above. In case the burn is more extensive, the following 

 solution may be used: Picric acid 2 parts, alcohol 40 parts, water 

 400 parts. The lesion should be thoroughly cleansed with this solu- 

 tion used on absorbent cotton. Strips of gauze or absorbent cotton 

 saturated with the solution should now be applied and renewed only 

 occasionally. In burns of the second and third degrees more satis- 

 factory results may be obtained with nonpoisonous dry dressing pow- 

 der, such as is used in ordinary open wounds, as tannic acid 8 parts 

 and iodoform 1 part, or a salve made of this powder and a sufficient 

 quantity of vaseline. When sloughing of the tissues takes place the 

 wounds should be cleansed with a 3 per cent solution of carbolic 

 acid, all loose fragments of tissue removed, and either a dry anti- 

 septic dressing powder or carbolated vaseline ointment applied to 

 exclude the air. Proud flesh should be controlled by the application 

 of silver nitrate in the form of a caustic pencil. 



Burns due to mineral acids may be first treated by flushing the 

 parts with a copious quantity of cold water or by the application of 

 whiting or chalk. Either use a large quantity of water at the start 

 or use the chalk first, then wash with water. If the irritant has been 

 a caustic alkali, such as potash, lye, ammonia, or soda, then vinegar 

 should be the first application. Stahl's liniment is probably the best 

 general application for all burns for the first week ; then this should 

 be followed by the ordinary antiseptic wound dressings. 



GANGRENE. 



Gangrene, or mortification, denotes the death of the affected 

 part, and is mostly found attacking soft tissue near the surface of the 

 body. Gangrenous areas may occur as a result of shutting off their 

 blood supply. Constitutional diseases, such as anthrax, and septi- 



