DISEASES OF HORSES 239 



the elbow, though at times a hollow, or depression, may be observed 

 near the posterior border of the scapula, which is probably the seat 

 of injury. These hurts are of various degrees of importance, vary- 

 ing from mere minor casualties of quick recovery to lesions which 

 are of sufficient severity to render an animal useless and valueless 

 for life. 



Treatment. The prime elements of treatment, which should 

 be strictly observed, are rest and quiet. Prescriptions of all kinds, 

 of course, have their advocates. Among them are ether, chloroform, 

 camphor, alcoholic frictions, warm fomentations, blisters, setons, etc. 

 But unless the conclusions of experience are to be ignored, my own 

 judgment is decisive in favor of rest, judiciously applied; and my 

 view of what constitutes a judicious application of rest has been 

 more than once presented in these pages. There are degrees of this 

 rest. One contemplates simple immobility in a narrow stall. An- 

 other means the enforced mobility of the slings and a narrow stall 

 as well. Another a box stall, with ample latitude as to posture and 

 space, and option to stand up or lie down. As wide as this range 

 may appear to be, radical recovery has occurred under all of these 

 modified forms of letting our patients alone. 



HIP LAMENESS. 



The etiology of injuries and diseases of the hip is one and the 

 same with that of the shoulder. The same causes operate and the 

 same results follow. The only essential change, with an important 

 exception, which would be necessary in passing from one region to 

 the other in a description of its anatomy, its physiology, and its 

 pathology, would be a substitution of anatomical names in reference 

 to certain bones, articulations, muscles, ligaments, and membranes 

 concerned in the injuries and diseases described. It would be only 

 a useless repetition to cover again the ground over which we have so 

 recently passed in recital of the manner in which certain forms of 

 external violence (falls, blows, kicks, etc.) result in other certain 

 forms of lesion (luxation, fracture, periostitis, ostitis, etc.), and to 

 recapitulate the items of treatment and the names of the mendica- 

 ments proper to use. The same rules of diagnosis and the same in- 

 dications and prognosis are applicable equally to every portion of 

 the organism, with only such modifications in applying dressings 

 and apparatus as may be required by differences of conformation 

 and other minor circumstances, which must suggest themselves to 

 the judgment of every experienced observer when the occasion ar- 

 rives for its exercise. 



There is an exception to be made, while considering the subject 

 in connection with the region now under advisement, in respect to 

 the formidable affection known as morbus coxarius, or hip-joint dis- 

 ease; and leaving the detail of other lesions to take their place under 

 other heads, that relating to the shoulder, for instance, we turn to 

 the hip joint and its ailments as the chief subject of our present 

 consideration. 



Symptoms. In investigating for morbus coxarius, let the ob- 

 server first examine the lame animal by scanning critically the out- 



