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sweat and dust be allowed to accumulate on the skin or on the 

 harness pressing on it. The exposure of the affected heels to damp, 

 mud, and snow, and, above all, to melting snow, should be guarded 

 against; light, smooth, well-fitting harness must be secured, and 

 where the saddle or collar irritates an incision should be made in 

 them above and below the part that chafes, and, the padding be- 

 tween having been removed, the lining should be beaten so as to 

 make a hollow. A zinc shield in the upper angle of the collar will 

 often prevent chafing in front of the withers. 



Treatment. Wash the chafed skin and apply salt water (one- 

 half ounce to the quart), extract of witch-hazel, a weak solution of 

 oak bark, or camphorated spirit. If the surface is raw use bland 

 powders, such as oxide of zinc, lycopodium, starch, or smear the 

 surface with vaseline, or with 1 ounce of vaseline intimately mixed 

 with one-half dram each of sugar of lead and opium. In cases of 

 chafing rest must be strictly enjoined. Where there is constitutional 

 disorder or acrid sweat, 1 ounce cream of tartar or a teaspoonful of 

 bicarbonate of soda may be given twice daily. 



CONGESTION, WITH SMALL PIMPLES, OR PAPULES. 



In this affection there is the general blush, heat, etc., of ery- 

 thema, together with a crop of elevations from the size of a poppy 

 seed to a coffee bean, visible when the hair is reversed or to be felt 

 with the finger w r here the hair is scanty. In white skins they vary 

 from the palest to the darkest red. All do not retain the papular 

 type, but some go on to form blisters or pustules, or dry up into 

 scales, or break out into open sores, or extend into larger swellings. 

 The majority, however, remaining as pimples, characterize the dis- 

 ease. When very itchy the rubbing breaks them open, and the re- 

 sulting sores and scales hide the true nature of the eruption. 



The general and local causes may be the same as for erythema, 

 and in the same subject one portion of the skin may have simple 

 congestion and another adjacent papules. As the inflammatory ac- 

 tion is more pronounced, so the irritation and itching are usually 

 greater, the animal rubbing and biting himself severely. This 

 itching is especially severe in the forms which attack the roots of 

 the mane and tail, and there the disease is often so persistent and 

 troublesome that the horse is rendered virtually useless. The bites 

 of insects often produce a papular eruption, but in many such cases 

 the swelling extends wider into a buttonlike elevation, one-half to 

 an inch in diameter. The same remarks apply to the effects of the 

 poison ivy and poison sumac. 



Treatment. In papular eruption first remove the cause, then 

 apply the same general remedies as for simple congestion. In the 

 more inveterate cases use a lotion of one-half ounce sulphide of po- 

 tassium in 2 quarts of water, to which a little Castile soap has been 

 added ; or use a wash with one-half ounce oil of tar, 2 ounces Castile 

 soap, and 20 ounces water. 



INFLAMMATION WITH BLISTERS, OR ECZEMA. _ 



In this the skin is congested, thickened, warm (white skins are 

 reddened) , and shows a thick crop of little blisters formed by effu- 



