DISEASES OF HORSES 353 



more widely spread, the wart may still be clipped off with curved scis- 

 sors or knife, and the caustic thoroughly applied day by day. 



A bleeding wart, or erectile tumor, is more liable to bleed, and 

 is best removed by constricting its neck with the waxed cord or rub- 

 ber band, or if too broad for this it may be transfixed through its base 

 by a needle armed with a double thread, which is then to be cut in 

 and tied around the two portions of the neck of the tumor. If still 

 broader, the armed needle may be carried through the base of the 

 tumor at regular intervals, so that the whole may be tied in moder- 

 ately sized sections. 



TORN EYELIDS OR WOUNDS OF EYELIDS. 



The eyelids are torn by attacks with horns of cattle, or with the 

 teeth, or by getting caught on nails in stall, rack, or manger, on the 

 point of stumps, fences, or fence rails, on the barbs of wire fences, 

 and on other pointed bodies. The edges should be brought together 

 as promptly as possible, so as to secure union without the formation 

 of matter, puckering of the skin, and unsightly distortions. Great 

 care is necessary to bring the two edges together evenly without twist- 

 ing or puckering. The simplest mode of holding them together is by 

 a series of sharp pins passed through the lips of the wound at inter- 

 vals of not over a third of an inch, and held together by a thread 

 twisted around each pin in the form of the figure 8, and carried ob- 

 liquely from pin to pin in two directions, so as to prevent gaping of 

 the wound in the intervals. The points of the pins may then be cut 

 off with scissors, and the wound may be wet twice a day with a weak 

 solution of carbolic acid. 



OBSTRUCTION OF THE LACHRYMAL APPARATUS, OR WATERING EYE. 



The escape of tears on the side of the cheek is a symptom of ex- 

 ternal inflammation of the eye, but it may also occur from any dis- 

 ease of the lachrymal apparatus which interferes with the normal 

 progress of the tears to the nose. Hence, in all cases when this symp- 

 tom is not attended by special redness or swelling of the eyelids, it is 

 well to examine the lachrymal apparatus. In some instances the ori- 

 fice of the lachrymal duct on the floor of the nasal chamber and close 

 to its anterior outlet will be found blocked by a portion of dry muco- 

 purulent matter, on the removal of which tears may begin to escape. 

 This implies an inflammation of the canal, which may be helped by 

 occasional sponging out of the nose with warm water, and the appli- 

 cation of the same on the face. Another remedy is to feed warm 

 mashes of wheat bran from a nosebag, so that the relaxing effects of 

 the water vapor may be secured. 



EXTERNAL OPHTHALMIA, OR CONJUNCTIVITIS. 



In inflammation of the outer parts of the eyeball the exposed 

 vascular and sensitive mucous membrane which covers the ball, the 

 eyelids, the haw, and the lachrymal apparatus, is usually the most 

 deeply involved, yet adjacent parts are more or less implicated, and 

 when disease is concentrated on these contiguous parts it constitutes 

 a phase of external ophthalmia which demands a special notice. 

 These have accordingly been already treated of. 



