DISEASES OF HORSES 409 



doses twice or three times daily. If there is twitching of the shoul- 

 der muscles or gnashing of the teeth, this should be discontinued. 

 The strength of the heart should be kept up with carbonate of am- 

 monia or whisky. When the animal is unable to swallow, one-fourth 

 grain doses of sulphate of atropia may be injected under the skin 

 every four, six, or eight hours, as the case may demand. The atro- 

 pia is a heart stimulant, increases capillary circulation, and quiets 

 pain and excitability. When the most prominent symptoms abate 

 give such food as they may be able to eat, and keep fresh, cool water 

 constantly before them, supporting them in slings if necessary; 

 clean stabling and plenty of fresh air are of the utmost importance. 

 Hygienic Measures Needful. Whenever this disease appears in 

 a stable all the animals should be removed as soon as possible. They 

 should be provided with clean, well- ventilated, and well-drained 

 stables, and each animal should receive a laxative and be fed food 

 and given water from a new, clean source. The abandoned stable 

 should be thoroughly cleansed from all waste matters, receive a coat 

 of whitewash containing 4 ounces of carbolic acid to the gallon of 

 water, and should have time to dry thoroughly before the horses are 

 replaced. A complete change of food is of the very greatest im- 

 portance, on account of the belief that the cause resides in diseased 

 grain, hay, and grass. (Spl. Rpt. Horse, Dept. Agr. 1911; B. A. I. 

 Cir. 122, 1908; Kans. E. S. B. 24, 173; La. E. S. B. 106; Md. E. 

 S. 53, 80. Among the distinguished writers of the bulletins from 

 which the foregoing article on Horse Diseases has been abridged or 

 taken bodily are the following: Leonard Pearson, B. S., V. M. D.; 

 C. B. Michener, N. S. ; R. S. Huide Koper, V. M. D. ; John R. Moh- 

 ler, V. M. D. ; W. H. Harbaugh, V. S. ; James Law, F. R. C. V. S. ; 

 A. A. Holcombe, D. V. S.; A. Liantard, M. D., V. M.; M. R. Tram- 

 bower, V. S,, and others,) 



