418 HORSE, SWINE AND POULTRY DISEASES 



able for this purpose are turpentine, creolin, eucalyptol, sulphur, 

 etc. Turpentine is the one most used and is easily disseminated 

 by pouring on hot water or by putting an ounce or two on hot 

 bricks. Care must be exercised when treating hogs in this way, as 

 they may suffer from lack of air. 



By the Rectum. Enemas or clysters are usually given for a 

 local effect on the rectum or to accelerate the action of a purgative. 

 To administer an enema a fountain syringe is best. The nozzle of 

 the syringe should be smeared with vaseline before introducing it 

 into the rectum. When the injection is large, it is well to elevate 

 the hind parts of the hog. A gallon or more can be introduced into 

 the intestines in this way. A funnel and rubber tubing, or an ordi- 

 nary syringe can be used for this purpose. (Ind. B. 100.) 



SPORADIC DISEASES. 



CANKER, SORE MOUTH. 



The loss of little pigs from this disease annually is extensive, 

 but largely might be prevented by proper care. The cause of the 

 disease is infection of slight scratches of the nose, mouth, tongue 

 and gums by the bacillus necrophorus. This germ is present nor- 

 mally in the intestines of hogs and may be found wherever their 

 voidings have dropped. The disease, therefore, is most likely to 

 attack pigs kept in unsanitary buildings and yards and the con- 

 tagion lurks there from year to year. The sharp teeth of new born 

 pigs cause lacerations when the animals play and fight and the 

 cuts and scratches becoming infected by the germs derived from 

 the filth of the floors and the soiled udders of the sow develop the 

 eating canker sores or ulcers of the disease. 



To prevent the disease, sows and pigs should be provided with 

 clean pens and yards. Provide clean bedding, keeping it fresh 

 and dry. Pens should be cleaned out often and yards kept free 

 from accumulations of filth. Disinfectants and land plaster (gyp- 

 sum) should be freely used in the pens daily. At birth the sharp 

 teeth of each pig should be carefully nipped off with pincers, but 

 more harm than good may follow if the gums are cut or bruised 

 when operating. Treat the disease by scraping each ulcer thor- 

 oughly, and then rubbing it lightly with a lunar caustic pencil. 

 Afterward swab the affected parts twice daily with a 5 per cent 

 solution of permanganate of potash. If lumps or boils form upon 

 the snout, cut deeply into each with a sharp knife, and at once 

 saturate with tincture of iodine. Repeat the application once daily 

 and each other day apply iodine tincture to the ulcers in place of 

 the permanganate solution. 



In mild cases good results have followed sousing the heads of 

 affected pigs over and over again daily in a solution of one or two 

 ounces of permanganate of potash in one gallon of warm water. 

 (Wis. B. 184.) 



Causes. Putrid or decomposing slops, irritating or hot foods, 

 drenches, water in foul wallows, especially that containing seepage 

 from the manure pile. Decayed teeth, irritation from awns or 



